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"We didn't come a day or two in advance. Now the rocket is fueling up, and it will be launched in 6 hours. Everyone should not go to the launch site for a walk."
Qian Xuesen reminded the members of the aerospace office.
Tang Hua: "In October last year, the accident in Baikonur, the Soviet Union, was reported to all units of the aerospace system, and they have learned at least twice. Don't take this lesson seriously."
Now a group of people are in a steel-concrete building 2 kilometers away from the launch pad, overlooking the Long March-3 launch vehicle that is being refueled.
It has a diameter of 3.4 meters, a height of 35.5 meters, a total take-off weight of 205 tons, and a total thrust of the first-stage engine of 304 tons.
The first-stage engine of the Long March-3 finally could no longer be done with one engine, but four engines with a thrust of 4 tons, four pumps and four nozzles were installed.The fuel of the first stage and the second stage is unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine-nitrogen tetroxide.
Although the size of the rocket is much larger than that of Long March-1 and Long March-2, some structures have become simpler. There are only two stages of engines in total, and the two stages can directly send satellites into low-earth orbit.However, the FY-98A satellite also carried a rocket engine and some fuel to allow the satellite to be accurately parked in a polar orbit with an inclination of [-] degrees.
The inclination angle of 98 degrees means that if calculated according to the coordinates of the equatorial projection, it flies against the direction of the earth's rotation.
January 1 at 11:8 pm.
"Ready to launch."
"It's on fire."
It was completely dark, and the brightness of the launch pads in the distance suddenly increased, and the searchlights that were originally used to illuminate the launch pads and rockets became eclipsed at once.The Long March-3 spouted orange-red tail flames. The rocket painted with the five-star red flag and the three-color East German flag quickly left the range of the searchlights. The body of the rocket was hidden in the darkness, and only a flame was gradually rising from a distance.
After ascending to high altitude, the rocket turned around. Like the "sextant" series satellites, Fengyun-[-] is also in a highly inclined orbit. The rocket turned south for the first time and disappeared slowly.
Most people in the control room are no longer so excited. This is China's 11th space launch, and it should be the 10th successful launch.But Bell Dürer, who came to Taiyuan to watch the rocket launch for the first time, was very happy.
"Oh oh oh! oh oh oh!" Bell Dürer jumped up and down, yelling, and high-fived a dozen people in the control room one by one in celebration.Had there been a bottle of champagne, Dürer might have picked it up and pried it open, spraying himself all over the face.
"The telemetry signal of the Taizhou measurement and control station is normal." "The telemetry signal of the Jiguanshan measurement and control station is normal."
Well, the Long March-3 flew out of the range of the Chinese telemetry station. It will take 90 minutes for the signal to appear when it circles the earth and appears over Xinjiang.
"The Long March-61 mission in 3 launched four Fengyun-[-], ABCD satellites, one Gaofen-[-], one low-orbit communication satellite test satellite, and one electronic reconnaissance satellite test satellite," waiting for Fengyun-[-] to re-enter During the period of return, Qian Xuesen wrote down the space plan for this year on paper, "How many backup stars have you prepared for Fengyun-[-]? Would it be a little less to build five, but six seems to be a bit much."
Tang Hua: "Three bombs were produced in the first batch. If the first three bombs are all successfully launched, then only two bombs will be produced in the second batch; if the first three bombs fail, the second batch will manufacture three bombs."
Qian Xuesen: "There are not too many missions to put 7 satellites into orbit this year. Two test launches of Dongfeng-5 can also be arranged."
Tang Hua: ...
Seven satellites are put into orbit every year. This is the launch frequency that China only had in the 7s.
But now is the era of the Cold War and the era of the space race. Looking at the number of rockets and ballistic missiles launched into the sky by the Soviet Union and the United States, China is only a small head.
"Can the long three bundles be launched within 12 months?" Tang Hua asked.
"The earliest launch will be January 1 next year."
Long three bundles, there are two configurations of Long March-3K4 and Long March-3K2, with four boosters and two boosters bundled respectively.
The boosters in this historical plane are more powerful. The first stage of Long March-2/Dongfeng-3 is used. Each booster is a 120-ton thrust rocket engine with one pump and four jets. Long March-3K4 The total take-off thrust is 784 tons, the maximum take-off weight can be close to 600 tons, and a load of 14 tons can be sent into low-earth orbit.
在长征-3K4的第二级上边再加一级氢氧发动机是长征-4K4，三级推进可以把4~5吨的载荷送入35800公里的地球同步/静止轨道。
所以按照唐华的计划，长征-3K4和长征-4K4应该都要在1962年拿出来，反正这两种火箭大部分结构是相通的。
……
Shenyang, Beiling Airport.
"It's great now, it's been snowing for a whole day, and it won't be in time for January 1th."
The first assembled and produced J-6 fighter jet was already ready, but the heavy snow blocked the J-6's first flight plan.
At noon on January 1, the snow in Shenyang was a little lighter. Shen Fei quickly dragged the J-11 out of the hangar and cleaned the runway at the same time.But not long after the plane was dragged out, the snow became heavier again.The ground crew had to drag the J-6 back to the hangar.
"Minister Liu, what date is January 1th? Isn't it a bit particular?" Huang Zhiqian asked, "I informed everyone two months ago that we are planning to make a big event on January 11th."
"It doesn't have to be on January 1th, it can be around two days." Liu Nai, Minister of Machinery Industry, said, "I couldn't tell you the reason two months ago, but now I can. January 11th Around this time, our aerospace department is going to launch a big rocket and send a large satellite into the sky. So the machinery industry department is also joining in the fun, and various research institutes and bureaus will release their high-tech gadgets during this period, which is equivalent to It's a gathering to announce the good news."
Chapter 36, F-104: From introduction to abandonment
沈飞被大雪耽误的歼-6终于在1月12日下午完成了首飞，1961年的“1.11装备节”收官。
This J-6 is a Chinese imitation of the MiG-21 instead of the MiG-19...
The first J-6 was assembled with incoming materials, and the main parts, drawings, and process flow were all provided by the Soviet Union. Therefore, the three J-3s assembled in the first batch will make their first flight one by one after a full set of ground tests. If there is an assembly error, come back and adjust it. After the adjustment, it can be delivered to the troops.
The final assembly line of the J-6 mainly uses Soviet parts for trial operation, but the aluminum alloy and rivets of the fuselage skin have been produced by Shenyang itself. Of course, the number of these parts is small and the technical content is not high.
Slightly more important equipment includes: two cockpit instruments were originally made in China, and the rest of the Soviet instruments are being produced in China; the fuselage structure and wing structure have been smelted into alloys and are currently being processed; the cockpit glass is being manufactured; In construction; adjustable intake cone in construction.
The most core equipment: R-13, turbojet engine with afterburner. Shenfa analyzed the drawings in August 1960 and just handed it over to the engine factory for trial production. The first one was produced for ground use in July 8. Prototype for test drive.
About two years later, in January 1963, the J-1 produced by Shenfei could be used in China, and the localization rate of the whole machine parts would instantly increase to more than 6% (the engine itself is not a single part, but count hundreds of parts).By that time, it can basically be said that the MiG-80 Shenfei has successfully imitated.
However, the successful imitation in January 1963 does not mean that the Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute has nothing to do now.The Air Force has compiled a report on the performance summary of the next-generation fighter jets and sent it to Shenfei.
"The next generation of fighters is decided to be divided into interceptors and air superiority fighters."
"Thunderbolt-3 was tested on the Soviet Tu-28 interceptor aircraft and achieved good results. The missile carrier aircraft launched missiles at an altitude of 15000 meters. The Thunderbolt-3 can strike targets at an altitude of 35000 meters. Reconnaissance planes, bombers."
“因此下一代截击机的最大飞行高度不再做苛刻要求，基本要求是可挂弹在15000米飞行；裸机最大升限18000~20000米。最大飞行速度大于2倍音速。最大战斗航程大于2000公里。”
"The interceptor must install a large radar on the nose to use the PL-3 missile. Therefore, the nose cone of the interceptor must be able to install an airborne radar with a diameter of 70 cm and a weight of 620 kg."
"Interceptors are mainly used to intercept enemy reconnaissance planes and bombers in interior battles, taking into account a certain ability to seize air supremacy; air superiority fighters are mainly used to seize air supremacy in future interior or exterior air battles, taking into account the ground support function."
"An air superiority fighter requires the ability to use machine guns, Thunderbolt-1, and Thunderbolt-2 missiles for air combat, and the nose must be able to install an airborne radar with a diameter of 60 centimeters and a weight of 550 kilograms."
"The maximum transition range is 2500-3000 kilometers, the high-high-high combat radius is not less than 1000 kilometers, the maximum flight speed is not less than 1.6 times the speed of sound, and the maximum flight altitude is not less than 15000 meters."
……
The air force's requirements for the next generation of interceptors and fighters are not complicated, but some performances are still difficult.Huang Zhiqian and the research team of the Design Institute read the requirements, and everyone was trying to use their brains to think about the problem.
"There are some performances on this, isn't it unreasonable?"
"It's not reasonable. We can only communicate with the Air Force to raise questions. If the Air Force insists, then we still have to make it."
"It still takes a little effort to make some performances."
……
Huang Zhiqian: "You guys are almost done with the discussion. The current situation is much lower than the requirements of the Air Force's first version last year. This is also thanks to the success of the Thunderbolt-2 and Thunderbolt-3 missiles. 25000-meter interceptor, let me see if you are dizzy."
"I have a question. Our interceptor is at 15000 meters, can it really hit the U-25000 at 2 meters? The two planes are not on the same plane."