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Compared with Cuba, China is now more concerned about the two Vietnams, North and South.
After the signing of the Geneva Peace Treaty, North Vietnam and South Vietnam came to peace. Anyway, the reunification referendum 10 years later is still far away, and the two countries will develop independently first.
In the second year, Diem felt that Bao Dai was in the way, so he abolished the imperial system altogether, and drove Bao Dai to France as a condominium.He and his nine brothers and sisters firmly occupied various key positions in the South Vietnamese government and lived a comfortable life as a ruling class.
But his trouble is that because the United States signed the Geneva Peace Treaty, the United States can only send military advisers to South Vietnam, but cannot send combat troops.The number of military advisers was certainly not much higher, 1954 in 650 and 1958 in 850.
Of course, the U.S. aid to South Vietnam is still very strong. In early 1958, an aid plan of 10 billion U.S. dollars was set. In contrast, North Vietnam only took 1500 million rubles and 600 million yuan in aid materials. Calculated according to the exchange rate, it was less than South Vietnam’s aid. 1% of the amount.
Fortunately, in addition to directly eating aid supplies, the North Vietnamese themselves did not do nothing.
"In 1957, we provided the Soviet Union with 2500 million rubles worth of coffee and 1500 million rubles of cane sugar. The industrial equipment and products in exchange for this income are very useful for solving our domestic livelihood problems. We hope to deepen trade cooperation with China , preferably a bilateral trade that is beneficial to both China and Vietnam.”
On National Day in 1958, the North Vietnamese delegation came to China to participate in the National Day celebration. The delegation of Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Van Dong held a meeting with the Chinese delegation led by the Prime Minister.
Prime Minister: "China will continue to support Vietnam's domestic construction and promise to ensure a peaceful environment in Vietnam."
Fan Wendong: "We are very grateful for China's free aid to Vietnam every year, but if we can provide you with some products in exchange for the industrial products that Vietnam urgently needs in the form of trade, it may be better."
Prime Minister: "Well, the specific details of the trade, Minister Ye will talk about it."
Pham Van Dong: "We exported a lot of coffee to the Soviet Union, and we still have a lot of potential for growing coffee."
Ye Jizhuang: "Vietnamese coffee is indeed very famous, but the sales volume of coffee in our country is not particularly large now."
"We still have cashews. Perfume. Durian."
Ye Jizhuang: "..."
……
"I thought Vietnam only wanted to buy guns. They seem to have a well-organized development path."
The chief accountant is interested in the agricultural products that Vietnam offers.When I heard that Vietnam not only wanted guns and ammunition, but also wanted to buy steel, cement, cheap machine tools, mechanical and electrical products, and even wanted to buy key equipment for two small hydropower plants from China, I couldn't help being amazed.
Li Fuchun: "I found that foreign trade with Vietnam can turn heavy industrial products into light industrial products. If there are more countries like Vietnam, the flexibility of our light and heavy industries will be greater. If the production of heavy industries is excessive and the production plan of light industries is insufficient, trade can Get that ratio right."
Tang Hua: "If trade with Western countries is opened, then a balance method in another direction will also be established. Export light industrial products in exchange for foreign exchange and then turn them into industrial machines."
Chief accountant: "Before thinking about these things, let's discuss and discuss what we really need in Vietnam."
Tang Hua: "In fact, there is not much difference. If you decide to engage in a trade with Vietnam, Vietnam will definitely provide you with agricultural and sideline products and processed products, which are used to return money to you and relieve financial pressure."
"Of course we're particular about the type. Would we buy durians? If a shipment of durians stops in Tianjin, even the city of Beijing will stink."
"It's not impossible. I ate durian in Vietnam when I was aiding Vietnam in the fight against the French. It was very fragrant."
……
Unexpectedly, the daily meeting of the State Planning Commission can also digress.
The Geneva Peace Treaty stipulates that countries other than the Indochina Peninsula are not allowed to export heavy offensive weapons to the four countries of the Indochina Peninsula, but both China and the United States are secretly doing this, except for military aircraft and warships, which cannot be hidden. Everything else is working.
The weapons we provided to North Vietnam were all produced before July 1954, so that if there was a big trouble, the United Nations would go to check and find no real evidence. Type 7 semi-automatic rifles, Type 50 machine guns, 50 rocket launchers and 108mm howitzers are now equipped with a lot in the Vietnamese army. The heavier weapons are the 75 and 122mm howitzers provided by the Soviet Union. Of course, they were also produced before 152.
According to the intelligence collected by North Vietnam, the weapons and equipment provided by the United States to South Vietnam are also the same.
However, there are not so many restrictions on the import of civilian products in North Vietnam. If you want to buy them, you just need to spend money to buy them.
Over the years, China has rarely exported industrial equipment in exchange for agricultural and sideline products—North Korea does not need China to provide industrial equipment, and the Soviet Union has covered it all.
But this time it was decided by the Prime Minister. It was essentially to support Vietnam and meet his 1500 million yuan order demand for industrial equipment, and then see what special products Vietnam has.
After deliberating for a morning, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Trade made a list:
300 million yuan of coffee beans. Although Chinese people are not used to drinking coffee, it is really difficult to make up 1500 million yuan without buying coffee beans.
500 million yuan worth of dried fruit, mango is the bulk, excluding dried durian.
Cashews are in the category of nuts and this one imported 150 million.Then there are 150 million agricultural products of 400, and finally [-] million yuan of rice.
Importing rice was unthinkable three years ago, and it was still exporting rice to Romania and Hungary in 1954.This year, if the Prime Minister hadn't made the decision to buy 1500 million yuan from Vietnam, he would not have bought it.But for special matters, let’s support Vietnam with friendship. Ye Jizhuang and the chief accountant both think so.
Many years later, when the material import department of the Ministry of Foreign Trade became a global food shopping group, thinking of the bilateral trade with Vietnam in 1958, I still found it incredible that the beginning of the new trade pattern was actually a "political trade" decided by high-level officials. "Kicked off the prelude.
……
October 10, Baikonur Cosmodrome.
On the No. 1 launch pad, a new Luna carrier rocket was erected, fueled, and it will be ignited and launched in a few minutes.
Korolev made a special trip from Moscow to Baikonur to supervise the assembly, transportation and erection of the second Luna launch vehicle.
The interval from the last launch was 45 days, but these 45 days were not easy for Korolev and all Soviet astronauts.During the second phone call with Qian Xuesen and Tang Hua, the Chinese comrades believed that some parts of the rocket probably had design flaws and were not prepared for greater vibrations.
It is a huge trouble to check the earthquake resistance of all parts. The drawings and performance index manuals of all parts have been dug out and eliminated one by one.After the investigation was carried out, it was found that there were more than one defective parts.The strength of the screws is not enough, there is a problem with the solder joints, but the most fatal flaw is that the liquid oxygen pipeline has not increased its strength accordingly.
After Korolev saw the defects in the liquid oxygen pipeline, he intuitively felt that this must be related to the explosion of the first rocket in the air, because the liquid oxygen pipeline’s shock resistance limit value was not enough, and it would gradually loosen during the flight, and then the liquid oxygen was ejected. The rockets are all destroyed.
The second Luna rocket urgently corrected these defects, gaining about 30 kilograms in weight, which is within the allowable range of the rocket.
"Fire it up!"
The Moon rocket took off with a rumble.
The booster falls off and the rocket disappears into the air. 90 seconds, 100 seconds, 120 seconds... [-]st level off, [-]nd level off, [-]rd level working...
Driven by the carrier rocket, the Luna-11.2B satellite reached a speed of [-] km/s, and began to break away from the gravity of the earth and head towards the moon.
Six hours later, according to the values measured by the measurement and control station, Baikonur sent a radio control command to the Luna-6B satellite to correct the course to align with the moon and hit it directly.
The first time the command was sent, Luna-[-]B did not respond.
The second time I sent it, still no response.
According to the change of time, Baikonur corrected the last digit of the control command and sent it for the third time.Luna-[-]B is still unresponsive.
Chapter 195, Xi'an Badger
The Moon-9A satellite launched on September 1 was blown up in the sky, so it is not clear whether there is any problem with the design.
On October 10th, Luna-15B accelerated smoothly to the second cosmic speed, but the ground center lost control of it 6 hours after launch, which caused the subsequent journey to be a blind JB flight.Luna-12000B was [-] kilometers away from the moon at its closest point, but it neither hit the moon nor became a satellite of the moon, but passed by and entered the vast universe.
"Although the Luna-[-]B satellite did not become the first man-made object launched to the moon, it also created some records," said Qian Xuesen, "it was the first to reach the second cosmic speed and enter the gravitational range of the moon." Man-made objects. In addition, Luna-[-]B is now located between the orbits of Mars and the Earth, and it has become a star revolving around a star in the solar system along an approximate planetary orbit, which is also a record."
"It can be regarded as the pioneer of human deep space exploration," Tang Hua said helplessly. "Soviet comrades are really rough in their work. Rockets are fired one after another. They don't feel sorry for me."
The Soviet Union's plan was to use 9 rockets to complete two successful moon explorations, and now two have been abolished.It won't be like in history, the first three rockets are all abolished.Then there may be no remaining rockets to hit geosynchronous orbit satellites.
Qian Xuesen: "The problem now is that the Moon-[-]B must not be found, and we don't know where the fault came from."