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Qian Sanqiang: "The plutonium-producing reactor must be activated first, otherwise we will be too late for the first plutonium to be ejected. It will take a while for the plutonium-producing reactor to produce enough plutonium-239, and the spent fuel rods cannot be touched after being pulled out. It takes several months to cool down and send it to a chemical plant to extract the plutonium, and these times cannot be accelerated."

Guo Yonghuai: "Our artificial satellites have been launched for several months. Everyone says that China now has the ability to project ammunition to any place in the world. But we... Hey, China is probably the only one that has global projection capabilities but does not have nuclear warheads. nation."

Qian Sanqiang said with a smile: "Now there are three countries with nuclear warheads, and three countries with satellites. The United States and the Soviet Union have both nuclear warheads and projection capabilities, Britain has nuclear warheads but no projection capabilities, and China has projection capabilities but no nuclear warheads. All types are complete. .We need to hurry up."

……

Moscow.

Nie Shuai was the head of the delegation. Tang Hua, Qian Xuesen, Yang Jiaxi, and Ren Xinmin were the four main members. After getting off the bus in Moscow, they were warmly welcomed by the Soviet side.

"Marshal Nedelin, hello." Nie Shuai shook hands with Soviet Artillery Marshal Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin.

Now the Soviet Strategic Rocket Army has not yet been established. Nedelin is the Soviet Artillery Commander and Deputy Minister of Defense in charge of equipment.The ballistic missile and rocket projects of the Soviet Union are now under the jurisdiction of Nedelin.

Nedelin: "Marshal Nie, my current job is very similar to yours, and I can be regarded as a colleague. This is your team... Ah, what a pity, my team is not in Moscow now. Korolev is in poor health. recuperate by the Black Sea."

"This news makes me very worried. I hope Comrade Korolev can recover as soon as possible."

Niejielin: "We also hope so. The work in the rocket field cannot do without him."

The delegation's itinerary is not complicated, but it is a little time-consuming.First, hold a Sino-Soviet aerospace engineering coordination meeting in Moscow, and then go to Baikonur—it just so happens that on May 5-7, the Soviet Union will launch another 8K8PS rocket to launch the backup satellite of Sputnik 71 into the sky.Then, it is the specific technical exchange of aerospace engineering between the two parties.I don't know how many days the final specific technical exchange work will take.

……

USSR, Ministry of Defense.

"The Soviet Union's demonstration of the feasibility of aerospace engineering began in 1946, and it was officially launched as a national project in 1954. In the past year, the Soviet space program has achieved extremely high results. We successfully launched an intercontinental ballistic missile, launched He launched the world's first and second artificial satellites, and was the first to represent mankind in space."

"Although the United States followed the Soviet Union and China in launching artificial satellites, it is a fact that we are the world's leading country in aerospace technology."

"In terms of intercontinental ballistic missiles, the United States has not yet tested a missile capable of delivering nuclear weapons across continents. This further demonstrates the Soviet Union's technological leadership in aerospace and rocketry."

Nijielin first briefly introduced the background.

"After entering space, the space program of the Soviet Union will not stop, but will become faster and faster. In view of the fact that the United States has proposed a huge space program, trying to use huge amounts of money to accelerate their space technology, we must also come up with a corresponding measures, including increasing investment in planned space programs and launching new space exploration programs."

"After entering space, the next goal of the Soviet Union is to enter the moon. Korolev has designed the 8K71 'Moon' carrier rocket on the basis of the 8K72PS rocket. This September will be the first launch of the Moon carrier rocket. .Using the Luna launch vehicle, we are going to launch at least one satellite orbiting the moon and send an artificial object to the surface of the moon."

"While marching to the moon, the Soviet Union will advance the plan to send astronauts into space in parallel. To perform this task, you need to use the 8K72K 'Vostok' launch vehicle. The Vostok launch vehicle is still based on the improved design of 8K71 and 8K72, but It's bigger and stronger enough to send a spaceship with astronauts to low Earth orbit and back."

"The third plan that the Soviet aerospace industry has determined is to send a probe to Mars. Considering the distance between Mars and the Earth, we are already designing the 'Mars One' probe, using 8K78, which is the fourth stage of the 8K series of launch vehicles. The improved version is used to carry out launch missions, and conduct overflight detection and inspection of Mars."

"The fourth plan is to send probes to Venus..."

Chapter 179, A Cake Painting for Three Days

Good guy, the Soviet Union is advancing in four directions: the first phase of lunar exploration; manned spaceflight; Mars exploration; Venus exploration.

The actual situation is that at this time the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee has made a resolution: the United States and the Soviet Union are countries with a large number of nuclear weapons, and a full-scale war will only destroy each other. Peaceful competition in technology and economy is the most effective means to bring down the opponent. Competition is one such peaceful competition.Seizing the leading position in aerospace technology and allowing the Soviet Union to win more firsts in the aerospace field can demonstrate the superiority of socialism, improve the international reputation of the Soviet Union, and undermine the self-confidence of the United States and NATO.

Since it was a resolution under the top leadership, the Soviet Union certainly threw itself into the space race.

However, in the first stage of the historical space race, the aerospace technologies of both sides were very immature, and all kinds of fancy rocket bombings were the norm.

The first stage of the Soviet Union’s lunar exploration used the 8K72 Luna carrier rocket. The goal was to launch an artificial object (hard landing) to the moon. From September 1958 to April 9, 1960 rockets were launched, the first three of which were The rocket exploded completely, with a total of two successes, one partial success (aimed crookedly, missed the moon, passed the moon at a distance of 4 kilometers and disappeared), and failed six times.

Manned spaceflight is more exciting than lunar exploration.The Vostok rocket was used, and only one of the first five verification flights was successful, and the other four failed, burning to death four dogs. It finally succeeded once on March 5, 4, and again at the end of March. On April 1961, it shot Yuri Gagarin. Fortunately, it was successful this time.

The Mars probe launched the first one in 1960 and failed, and then five consecutive ones failed.But the United States is not much better, launching the first Mars probe 4 years later than the Soviet Union.In the end, the United States took the lead in sending back photos of Mars, and the Soviet Union took the lead in making a soft landing on the surface of Mars.

The Venus exploration program suffered seven consecutive defeats from 1961 to 1964.

……

Anyway, that's it.

How can China and the Soviet Union cooperate? ...Of course, they are all involved, and this was proposed by the Soviet Union.

Yang Jiaxi: "Lunar-1A, 1B, and 1C have all been manufactured, right? Can they still be temporarily modified?"

Nedelin: "The launch plan does not allow for delays, so I'm afraid there is no time."

Tang Hua: "Based on our relatively mature Advance-2 satellite communication-control module, we use Luna-2's antenna with ground-moon communication capabilities to modify the output signal to match the interface of the Luna-[-] satellite. This is basically the plan, and we will quickly negotiate with domestic units to work out a detailed plan for the specific plan.”

Nie Jielin: "Can the communication-control module realize the mutual backup of two independent systems?"

Tang Hua looked at the size of the Moon-2 satellite on the data map: "We can design five sets. One set of main control and four sets of auxiliary/backup systems. When there is a conflict of instructions, the minority obeys the majority to make decisions at a 3:2 ratio."

Negeline: ...

……

"The control system includes not only satellites and spacecraft, but also the launch vehicle itself," Yang Jiaxi introduced the system to be developed, "We are developing a launch vehicle servo mechanism based on high-speed DSP and ADC chips, but because it is scheduled to be used in 1959 The DSP chip that was mass-produced in early 1959 was planned to be used in the development of our new launch vehicle in 1959. If we hurry up, it can be delivered in May-June 5 at the earliest."

Nedelin: "If this is the progress, then all the Luna launch vehicles may not be used, because by that time the Luna launch vehicles will have been produced as planned. The Luna launch vehicle is a very clear and limited goal. The project ends when the goal is successfully achieved. This servo mechanism can be used in the Vostok launch vehicle.”

Yang Jiaxi: "The DSP chip mass-produced in 1959 is also intended to be used on the Advance [-] satellite platform, so the servo mechanism of your manned spacecraft itself can also adopt a variant of this system. ... Comrade Marshal, manned spaceflight It’s a fascinating thing to do, and that’s a digression.”

……

"In 1945, British radar engineer and science fiction writer Arthur Clark first proposed the idea of ​​using a geostationary satellite above the Earth's orbit to transmit communication signals in his article "Extraterrestrial Relay". At that time, this was an article Science fiction, now that we have sent artificial satellites into space and are about to send artificial objects to the moon, it is entirely feasible to send a satellite to an orbit at an altitude of 35800 kilometers."

"We have completed the airborne test of the equipment for amplifying radio communication signals to transmit information not long ago, and the results are very satisfactory. The two conditions are in place, and now is the time to launch a communication satellite."

"The communication satellite of the Advance 1250 platform we designed weighs 370 kilograms and carries two transponders, each of which can provide forwarding services for [-] short-wave radio stations at the same time."

Tang Hua released the classic picture of Clark's concept: 4 geostationary satellites in geosynchronous orbits are arranged outside the earth. At this time, any point on the earth can establish contact with the satellites.The satellite receives the signal, amplifies and forwards the signal to cover the whole world.

Qian Xuesen: "I see that your Lunar and Vostok rockets have a carrying capacity of more than 4.5 tons in low-earth orbit and about 1.5 tons in synchronous orbit. In theory, they can put our communication satellites into orbit. The first rocket we are currently developing The capacity of the second-generation launch vehicle is still not enough to send a 1.3-ton object into a synchronous orbit. If we use this cooperation model: you produce the rocket, we manufacture the satellite and send it to you, the time for the establishment of the communication satellite system can be advanced by at least Three years."

Nigelin pondered.

Missile designer Mikhail Yangli of the 586 Special Design Bureau: "Is your second-generation launch vehicle still unable to achieve the same level as 8K71?"

Qian Xuesen: "The second-generation launch vehicle is of the same family as the long-range ballistic missile, and uses the same first-stage rocket engine, so its capacity in low-Earth orbit is limited."

Nedelin: "The Luna rocket can accelerate a lunar exploration satellite to the second cosmic speed. In theory, it can be used to launch a synchronous satellite without much improvement. But you should go to the Black Sea for this matter Discuss with Korolev."

Mikhail Yangli: "I have to say that you have taken too small a step in the launch vehicle. Facts have proved that a launch vehicle of about 300 tons can be built, with one main stage and four auxiliary stages. Pushers can be bundled and connected in parallel. Let’s develop long-range ballistic missiles and large launch vehicles at the same time.”

Tang Hua: "But it takes time, and secondly, it requires a lot of resources and money. We can't invest too many resources in the aerospace industry in China."

……

"Good morning, Minister Yegodnikov, and comrades from the Forestry Department."

Because this satellite was mentioned in the cake painted by Tang Hua, several people from the Soviet Forestry Department came the next day.

"Well... forest fires are worldwide and frequent natural disasters, which have caused great trouble to the country's wealth and production and management. However, China and the Soviet Union have vast lands, and many large areas of forest are rarely inhabited. Installation The low-Earth orbit satellite of the infrared telescope can detect the fire and relay the information to Moscow within 90 seconds."