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Tang Hua: "Then do you think the steam stripping method or the aqueous solution method is better?"
"I am more inclined to the steam stripping method. The aqueous solution method requires decompression in order to volatilize ammonia and carbon dioxide. If the recovered material is sent to the high-pressure reactor, it needs to be re-pressurized, which will cause a large energy loss. Yes. The stripping method blows out the dissolved gas in the solution by feeding heated ammonia, carbon dioxide or synthesis gas into the reactor discharge, and the ammonium carbamate is decomposed. In this process, there is no need for decompression operation, recovery The material can be directly transported into the synthesis tower without pressurization, greatly reducing operating costs."
Tang Hua: "If this is the case, then don't wait. You stay in Beijing for two more days, and the Ministry of Heavy Industry will hold a coordination meeting on June 6."
……
"This is the structural model of the urea test production line, and this is its technical information." Zhang Su, director of the Bureau of Chemical Industry, sent out a copy of the compiled information, "This is a large-scale automated joint device, which contains a A medium-pressure synthetic ammonia production line and a urea production line, the medium-pressure synthetic ammonia production line is imported from the Soviet Union, and the urea production line is planned to be domestically produced."
Hou Debang: "The main components include the reaction tower, condenser, rectification tower, absorption tower, desorption tower, and several labeled pipes. I plan to use the lead chamber for the reaction tower. Minister Tang said that hydrogen peroxide can be added to the circulating solution. The roots and pipes are lined with high-chromium stainless steel, which can also solve the problem of equipment corrosion.”
Tang Hua: "Can the special steel factory of your Iron and Steel Industry Bureau produce high-chromium stainless steel?"
Liu Bing, director of the Iron and Steel Industry Bureau: "The Fulalkite Steel Plant is still under construction, and the Fushun Special Steel that can be used now, and the high-chromium stainless steel will not be put into production until the end of 1954."
Tang Hua: "The synthetic ammonia equipment imported from the Soviet Union will arrive in September-October this year. The urea production equipment is planned to be synchronized with the synthetic ammonia. Now the production of components will start. It seems that the first batch of 9 sets of urea production lines will use lead."
Wang Yiqun flipped through the materials of the Chemical Industry Bureau, and looked at the pipelines and reaction towers for a long time: "Ordinary lead devices can be made by the Nonferrous Metals Industry Bureau. ... But the amount of lead used is a bit large, and five sets of equipment with more than 100 tons are enough. Went out. Liu Nai, can you save some lead over there?"
Liu Nai: "Although North Korea and Taiwan have finished fighting, the General Administration of Ordnance Industry has to maintain a monthly production of 53 million rounds of ammunition in 6000 years to replenish the army's strategic stockpile. It was only in January 1954 that the monthly production was reduced to 1 million rounds."
汪逸群：“要不7、8、9月先降到4000万发月产，1954年初再补回来？这差不多就可以匀出100多吨铅了。”
Liu Nai: "Then you have to report to the Ministry of Defense to adjust the plan."
Tang Hua: "Yes, the report was drafted and signed in the name of the Ministry of Heavy Industry. There are two reports in total, one for the Ministry of Defense to coordinate with them, and one for the State Planning Commission to change the production plan. Another thing is that the Shipbuilding Industry Bureau Cheng Wang did not come to Shanghai, but the chairman personally asked about the future construction direction and naval strategy of the navy. The shipbuilding and shipbuilding plans of the shipbuilding industry also need to be adjusted. WISCO and WISCO are one of the three pillars supporting Shanghai's shipbuilding industry. Iron and steel The Bureau of Industry must attach as much importance to Wuhan as Fularji Special Steel. It must also be mentally prepared for the production plan in advance.”
Liu Bing: "The construction of the WISCO factory area is very fast, but the Daye Iron Mine has to prevent some floods this year, and the open-pit iron mine has already started digging."
……
"Just now Director Liu talked about the weapon industry, I remembered it," Hou Debang said, "Now Dalian can manufacture seamless pipes below 150 mm, and then the Harbin Steam Turbine Factory will be put into operation next year and can manufacture boilers. If this is the case, we can I have built a small synthetic ammonia production line with an annual output of about [-] tons."
Tang Hua immediately cheered up: "The small-scale synthetic ammonia production line produces ammonium bicarbonate directly?"
Hou Debang: "Yes."
After the mass production of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate have all become non-mainstream nitrogen fertilizers, but ammonium bicarbonate has been very strong.
Because ammonium bicarbonate and urea are complementary coexistence relationship.
Urea has high nitrogen content, slow fertilizer effect but long time, and is suitable as base fertilizer. Farmers plow the land once in spring and sprinkle some urea, which can work for a long time.
Ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer has a fast effect, and the demand for nitrogen elements increases greatly during the accelerated growth period of crops. At this time, topdressing must be applied, and ammonium bicarbonate is the best.
As for the shortcoming that ammonium bicarbonate will naturally volatilize during storage, the solution is to transport it at short distances, build small fertilizers in cities or even counties, transport them tens of kilometers to the fields, and scatter them immediately, which can reduce volatilization loss.
Hou Debang launched small ammonium bicarbonate fertilizers in the 60s, which were spread all over the country at that time. The increase in grain production in the 70s and 80s was largely related to the increase in nitrogen fertilizer use.
Tang Hua looked at Liu Nai: "Old Liu, it shouldn't be a problem to steal your production capacity of dozens of barrels every month next year, right?"
Liu Nai: ...
……
大连建新公司1950年就能造无缝钢管，当时就仿制了美式105毫米榴弹炮，后来停产了。1952年仿制苏式85毫米加农炮和122毫米榴弹炮。现在给大连建新公司的任务是仿制152毫米榴弹炮和100毫米加农炮——后者是T-54坦克的主炮，也可以作为牵引火炮使用。
Liu Nai: "Fortunately, the integration of the Taiyuan Arsenal has been completed. Jianxin Company still has a branch factory in Shenyang. If you asked me for seamless pipes in 1954, it should be possible. You also have something to do at the Chemical Industry Bureau. Do you have any propellant development? progress?"
Hou Debang: "I'm not familiar with this matter."
Zhang Su: "Someone from the Chemical Industry Bureau is doing it. Bullets and propellants need to increase energy and burn speed accurately, and the cost should not increase too much. How can it be so easy. I will give it to you within three years."
……
Facts have proved that the joint meeting of directors is quite useful.
Occasional digressions are also useful, as long as they solve the problem.The ammonium bicarbonate mini-fertilizer plant will be useful for the next 20 years, and there is nothing wrong with doing it.
If Hou Debang's "Yongli No. 5" test device has no problem, the 5 sets of synthetic ammonia-urea will start debugging in 1954 and mass production in 1955.
In 1950, the world's annual output of urea was 20 tons. At this time, urea was not a fertilizer, but was produced as an industrial raw material.
By 1960, the annual output of urea had soared to 150 million tons. In 1960, the steam stripping method began to appear, and the urea industry grew by an order of magnitude in this decade.
However, now there are 5 sets of 5 tons of synthetic ammonia, which can be converted into an annual output of 50 tons of urea. It is said that this set of equipment has the potential to expand to an annual output of 10 tons.Then in the world in 1960, China's urea production may account for 40% of the world.
But it accounts for 40% of world production. In the 21st century, China's annual consumption of chemical fertilizers is 6000 million tons, and this is only 100 million tons of urea, which is just the beginning.
Moreover, before starting preparations for the urea production line, Lao Hou had to be reminded to go to the Soviet Union to apply for a patent.
……
There is definitely no rush to apply for a patent now. June 6th is the time when the Soviet Union and East Germany are panicking.
Now Tang Hua opened the People's Daily, and the fourth page of the newspaper published the article "The Politburo of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany issued a communiqué, and the secret agents failed to create a strike in the Democratic District of Berlin".
The June [-] Incident in East Germany, which had a great impact in the early days of the Cold War, has already reached Moscow.
To talk about the June [-] incident, we have to start with the death of Stalin.
The June [-] incident was essentially a tentative attack by the United States to test the "quality" of the new Soviet leadership after Stalin's death.
The implementation of East Germany’s economic plan in 1953 was very chaotic. In order to ensure production, the East German government took drastic measures and ordered industrial enterprises to increase workers’ work quota by 10% without raising wages.
In early June, there were sporadic strikes in East Germany. The CIA found that this was an opportunity, so the tentative attack started from East Germany.
At this time Walter Ulbricht asked Moscow "What should we do?" Moscow replied "Let them make trouble."
It is said that Beria issued the order from Moscow (the main reason for his arrest), and it is also said that Malenkov actually made the decision.
Perhaps the Soviet Union wanted to use this to prove to the Western countries that the Soviet Union intended to ease with the West and advance the process of reunification of Germany proposed by Stalin?
This kind of thinking is too naive.
Radio in the American Occupation (RIAS) in West Berlin embellished the news of the East German strike. On June 6, when workers in East Berlin went on strike in large numbers, the slogan they shouted was not "opposition to increasing work quotas", but "withdraw all foreign troops! Freedom of speech and press! Release political prisoners! Hold free elections throughout Germany!" "
The sudden change in style left Walter Ulbricht at a loss. On June 6, the Soviet Army Group in Germany started.The Soviet army can only do it, and the situation will be worse if they don't do it.
The German Army Group marched from the outskirts of Berlin along the route in April 45. Along the way, they assembled a large number of East German security forces and people's police who were like headless chickens. They went straight to Potsdamer Platz and captured 4 people on the spot. The 32 people on the Internet rushed out, and the matter was settled.
The settlement was barely settled, but then West Germany designated June 6 as German Unity Day, and West Germany also designated Linden West Avenue (East Avenue belongs to East Berlin, West Avenue belongs to West Berlin, with the Brandenburg Gate as Boundary) was renamed June 17th Street.
……
"...calls upon the people:"
"[-]. Support measures for the immediate restoration of urban order and the creation of conditions for the normal and peaceful work of industrial enterprises."