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If we calculate carefully, the supply of chemical fertilizers has dragged back the grain production by at least 1800 to 2000 million tons, and the rest of the grain has been dragged back by pesticides, water conservancy and weather forecasts.
In addition, the dynamic forecasting model of grain production on the State Planning Commission's intranet, geographical regions and provinces, and the forecasting of agricultural harvests also played a big role. In some areas, the spring drought caused the death of wheat seedlings, and it was sent directly from Beijing. Instruct local governments to replant miscellaneous grains to satisfy hunger.
"From the end of last year to now, two ammonium bicarbonate plants have been put into operation, and five ammonium bicarbonate plants have been upgraded from 2 to 5 tons of synthetic ammonia to 6 tons of synthetic ammonia," Tang Hua said. "This spring will be 1 more than last year. tons of fertilizer for rural use.”
Deng Zifei: "In the past, the use of chemical fertilizers was more focused on grain-producing areas with better conditions, especially large state-owned farms that can sell commercial grains in large quantities. Can the new fertilizers added this year be used more in rural areas with poor natural conditions?"
Li Fuchun: "It is possible to invest in this way. I am also afraid that the rural areas that were hit by the disaster last year will starve."
……
On the industrial side, 1960 was uneventful and even exceeded expectations.The overall policy throughout the year is to conservatively promote urbanization. The population of industries that eat national food and receive national wages has only increased by 2%, and the total national wages have increased by 5%, but the total industrial output value has increased by 20.3%.
This is mainly due to the continuous investment in existing industrial cities, the improvement of technological level, and the growth caused by the improvement of production processes and processes.
In 1960, the industry was roughly "two 2000s": the total industrial output value exceeded 2 billion yuan; the steel output exceeded 2000 million tons.
To be precise, in 1960 China's steel output was 2120 million tons, Japan's 2214 million tons, the United Kingdom's 2680 million tons, the Soviet Union's 6500 million tons, and the United States' 9000 million tons. China was infinitely approaching Japan.
Now China's steel production scale is expanding rapidly, but Japan is also very fast. In the past two years, Japan has grown from 1660 million tons to 2214 million tons, and China has grown from 1630 million tons to 2120 million tons. The growth rates are crazy. Whether the steel output in 1961 could surpass that of Japan is not easy to say.
"The investment in the southern industrial system, in 1961, was a domestic investment of 20 billion yuan and a foreign exchange of 4.3 million U.S. dollars, with the focus on Guangdong and Taiwan provinces."
"Taiwan is the focus of construction. The first is the Kaohsiung Iron and Steel Plant with an annual output of 60 tons of steel. Because there was a steel plant foundation during the Japanese occupation, the infrastructure can save a lot of effort, but steel equipment must be purchased. The benefits It is this level of steel plant equipment that has been localized."
"The coal of the Kaohsiung Iron and Steel Works uses the coal mines on Taiwan's main island, and the alternative is seaborne coal from North Vietnam or Qinhuangdao; the iron ore is iron ore shipped from Tanjung Priok, Indonesia, and the alternative is... Hainan Shilu Iron Mine. This option is the best. It’s best not to switch easily, it’s more troublesome.”
"Taipei will build an electrolytic aluminum plant, using Taiwan's hydropower and Indonesia's bauxite. Kaohsiung will also configure a wide-plate rolling mill for the shipbuilding industry. This wide-plate rolling mill will use imported equipment."
"Afterwards came the Kaohsiung Shipyard, which also left some foundations during the Japanese occupation. Taipei and Kaohsiung each built a ship repair yard. The Kaohsiung Ship Repair Yard mainly served the Navy's Kaohsiung Base, and the Taipei Ship Repair Yard focused on repairing civilian ships."
After Li Fuchun finished talking about the general plan, he asked another question: "After the liberation of Taiwan in 53, the industrial population migrated. A total of more than 2 Taiwanese steel and shipbuilding workers went to the mainland to work, and about 6 people together with their families. Now restore Taiwan heavy industry, are these workers and engineers recalled?"
Tang Hua: "There is no mandatory recall, and you can work anywhere. For so many years, most of these workers have settled in the mainland. It is good that Kaohsiung Shipyard dispatched technical forces from Shanghai Jiangnan and Hudong Zhonghua."
"Guangzhou...the focus is on GAC, which is the Fifth Automobile Manufacturing Plant. FAW intends to introduce European production lines. This is also the single project that uses the most foreign exchange investment."
Tang Hua: "Of course. A production line for trucks and a production line for off-road vehicles."
Off-road vehicle production line, this time the Rover really came. In 1960, there was a preliminary intention to produce Land Rover Series 2 in Guangzhou.
It was in 1957 that Land Rover hooked up with Chinese officials. The Ministry of Geology and the Ministry of Energy ordered 1960 Land Rover vehicles in 60, and they were unloaded in Shanghai last December.Anyway, buying a Soviet jeep is buying, and buying a European jeep is also buying, and you have to spend foreign exchange for the time being.
……
White House. On January 1, the President of the United States delivered his inaugural address.
"Before you and Almighty God, I have recited the solemn oath drawn up by our ancestors more than 170 years ago."
The smug Kennedy officially entered the Oval Office of the White House today, and the defeated Nixon's term as vice president also expired, so the family returned to California to continue working as a lawyer.
Nixon's campaign relied on experience, while Kennedy emphasized bringing in fresh blood to the government. However, American voters seemed to think it would be good to have some fresh blood, so Nixon suffered a tragedy.
In fact, when voting, there were suspicions of voting fraud in Texas and Illinois. These two states are the traditional sites of the Republican Party, but they were overthrown by Kennedy. The strange thing is that the number of votes that Kennedy won exceeded the number of registered voters of the Democratic Party in the two states. .
However, Nixon insisted on not submitting an application for a recount. He believed that "a lengthy debate would damage the image of the United States in the world and harm the national interests", and he simply declared his defeat.
"To those nations that stand against us, we make a demand, not a promise: Before science unleashes its horrific destructive powers and plunges all mankind into the abyss of premeditated or accidental self-destruction, let us both begin anew to seek Peace……"
"So, fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."
"Citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for human freedom."
After instilling two sentences of chicken soup, Kennedy's speech ended.
……
January 1, Baikonur.
The fifth launch of the "Dongfang" carrier rocket, the unmanned flight test of the manned spacecraft.
In the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the competition for the first artificial satellite and the first lunar probe is over. The third competition focuses on who is the first to send a man into space and then land safely.
The Soviet manned spaceflight program began planning in 1957. In 1960, the Vostok carrier rocket carried out four launches, two of which were successful and two failed.
The first time was a test flight of the prototype spacecraft, which was successfully launched into the sky, but when the return capsule returned, the direction of the rocket ignition was reversed, it flew upwards and disappeared.
The second time, two dogs were loaded into the spaceship, and the spaceship exploded after take-off.
The third launch was in August 1960. The two dogs were sent tremblingly into the Vostok spacecraft, the rocket lifted off, circled a few times in space, and returned safely.In the prairie of Kazakhstan, two dogs were still barking when the Soviet helicopter found the spaceship.
In November 1960, the Vostok rocket was launched for the fourth time, and the two dogs returned to the area safely, but the return capsule was a little far from the scheduled landing point, and fell into Uzbekistan, almost missing the Soviet Union, but basically success.
For the fifth launch on February 1961, 2, the Soviet Union stopped abusing dogs and finally used a dummy.The simulated person circles in the sky, and the instruments on his body can display whether the acceleration, atmospheric pressure, and temperature are normal.
After the Nedelin disaster last year, the Soviet aerospace personnel have now learned how to behave. Korolev and all design bureau personnel are observing the scene from a distance in the reinforced concrete bunker.
"With such a structure, our astronauts go to the sky in a spaceship, leave the spaceship when they land, parachute and land with a parachute, and the spaceship breaks down on the ground. Does this count as a complete space trip?" Ke Luo Lev's assistant asked.
"As long as we are the first to go into space, then how to go into space is the right way, and we have the right to interpret," Korolev said, "As we have discussed in our meeting this month, in the current Under certain conditions, this is the spaceflight method with the highest insurance factor."
After the Vostok spacecraft opened its parachute, the falling speed was still too fast. It was okay to put a dog on it, that is, the dog barked in pain when it landed, and people probably couldn't bear it.
The general solution is to install a few recoil rockets at the lower part of the spacecraft, and then start the rockets to buffer it when it is a few meters above the ground, and it will be fine. However, the Vostok spacecraft has no space and weight indicators to install recoil rockets.
Of course, if the landing site is not on land but on the sea, then there is nothing wrong with it. The falling speed of the Liberty [-] taken by American Alan Shepard is similar to that of the Vostok. However, his spaceship landed on the water, basically Comfortable.
In the end, Korolev decided that the spacecraft was not needed, and the astronauts ejected from the spacecraft when they were 7000 meters above the ground and landed with a parachute.The dummy of the Dongfang-5 spacecraft is used to do this.
……
While Korolev was chatting with his assistant, the Vostok rocket on the launch pad had already ignited and took off.The rocket flew high into the sky, and when it became a small black dot, the booster fell off and finally disappeared from sight.
"The booster and the first stage didn't explode, and the rocket is usually successful," Korolev said. "If this launch is successful, the Vostok rocket has successfully launched three times in a row."
Assistant: "The R-16 accident last year caused too much damage."
Korolev was silent.
The explosion of the R-16 on the launch pad caused heavy casualties to the two design bureaus. Many key personnel from Korolev's department were transferred to the rescue site to maintain the daily work of the two design bureaus.Therefore, Korolev's side has also been affected by the "Nedelin Disaster".
In space, the second stage of the Vostok rocket continued to propel, and the rocket and the spacecraft approached the second cosmic speed.After the second-stage rocket burned out and separated from the Dongfang-5 spacecraft, it was almost time for the spacecraft to pop out of the return capsule, so it just circled the earth and fell back to Kazakhstan.
Two hours later, the return capsule of Dongfang-5 spacecraft and the parachute of the dummy, one large and one small, appeared over the winter grassland.The falling speed of the return capsule was much faster. First, it hit the ground by itself, and with a "bang", a piece of the shell of the return capsule was dented.
Seven or eight minutes later, the dummy landed.
The current unmanned test flight of the Vostok rocket and spacecraft, at least it will not be as thrilling as in the original history-the original Vostok spacecraft did not succeed a few times, but the sixth and seventh rockets were all successful. Garin was on the eighth rocket.