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Yang Geer: "..."
"If it can't be done, the OKB586 and OKB456 design bureaus will get out of this project!"
Yang Geer: "We will immediately organize personnel to conduct a close inspection of the engine. If it is confirmed that it can be repaired without welding, we will carry out on-site repairs!"
Nedelin: "Very well, I am going to the launch site from the headquarters now, I hope you will make the right decision before I get there."
Nedelin walked out of the headquarters building angrily, got into the jeep, and drove to the No. [-] launch site seven kilometers away.
Khrushchev urged Mikoyan in the United States, and Mikoyan urged Nedelin on the phone. ...The missile was supposed to be launched on September 9th, but on September 18th, the day before fueling, it was said that the rocket body was faulty; on September 9th, the missile was put on the launcher, and it was said that the bolts that controlled the first and second stages were abnormal. , repaired for 16 days.If the vote is still skipped for the third time, everyone should get out of the way.
The jeep was galloping all the way, one kilometer away from the No. 2 launcher, and the steel tower and the white R-1 test bomb could already be seen.
"boom!"
The missile and pylon suddenly became a ball of fire.Nijelin, who was sitting on the convertible jeep, felt a wave of heat rushing towards his face, and his face and forehead were covered with sweat.
R-16 exploded! 140 tons of R-16, more than 100 tons of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide on it exploded!
……
"Comrade Nedelin forced the staff of the launch center to overhaul the missile in violation of the operating regulations. When checking the main pump of the first-stage engine, it may be that the electrical circuit was disconnected, which caused the system to think that the first-stage rocket engine had shut down normally. Sent command to fire second stage engine..."
"Most of the overhaul personnel near the pylons and missiles, the researchers and designers of the OKB586 and OKB456 design bureaus on site, died..."
Tang Hua hung up the phone.
It's over. Although Nejielin is fine, Soviet Aerospace has something to do.
Like China, the Soviet Union developed intercontinental ballistic missiles and launch vehicles by the same group of people. The Soviet Union had a larger stall, with two overall design bureaus and three engine design bureaus.
Now that the R-16 exploded, the OKB586 and OKB456 design bureaus were seriously injured.The culprit was Hemaize, but Marshal Nejielin was not wronged to become a colonel.
"Old Qian, we really need to pay attention to safety in the whole process of rocket testing and launching." Tang Hua couldn't comment on the Soviet Union, but told Qian Xuesen that China should take precautions.
"We have to repeatedly emphasize that the launch cannot be rushed, cannot violate the operating procedures, and cannot gather a large number of people in unsafe areas," Qian Xuesen said. "The Chengde test center cannot be forced to start regardless of the wind direction and weather conditions."
Tang Hua: "Chengde is indeed the case. Now that the engine is getting bigger and bigger, one or two hundred tons of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide will be sprayed out at every turn during the long-term test run. If the ignition fails to pollute the environment, it will be difficult to deal with. .”
……
Taiyuan Space Launch Center, October 10.
The familiar Long March-2 carrier rocket stands beside the launch tower again.
This is China's second space launch this year...
1959年中国狂打了6枚长征-2，把5颗六分仪卫星送入轨道，1960年的航天发射次数稍少，因为要生产东风-3。今年上半年造了5枚东风-3和1枚长征-2，太平洋导弹试射用掉一枚，剩下四枚就由导弹部队接收。
After the missile silo in Northeast China was completed in 1961, the Second Artillery Corps may be formally established.
下半年天津火箭厂只在7月初交付了2枚长征-2，然后进入两个月的扩产调整，把东风-2/长征-1的生产线撇出去，主车间只负责生产东风-3和将来的东风-5。
Tang Hua, Qian Xuesen, and Zhao Zhongyao were at the Beijing headquarters, watching the scene of the Taiyuan launch site on TV.
"Actually, what we saw was basically the same as what we saw on the national TV broadcast?" Zhao Zhongyao asked.
"No, no, we have four screens here, and this big TV is the main screen. Over there, you see, there are three small TVs with three different perspectives," Tang Hua said. 15 seconds behind us."
Qian Xuesen: "Mr. Zhao, your satellite is about to be launched, are you excited?"
Zhao Zhongyao: "Hey, the satellite is not ours. I just installed a watch on the satellite. I didn't save this watch by myself. The entire Department of Physics of Tsinghua University participated."
Tang Hua: "Mr. Zhao's watch is not simple, it weighs 650 kilograms."
Qian Xuesen: "It's obviously a cesium atomic clock, but you call it a watch?"
……
"Yesterday, at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, China successfully launched a scientific experiment satellite. This is the ninth artificial satellite launched by the Chinese aerospace department. Since 9, China has carried out 1957 carrier rocket launches, 10 times successfully, Continue to maintain a very high launch success rate."
"This scientific experiment satellite is called 'Einstein-[-]', and its purpose is to verify the space-time view of the universe described by Einstein's special theory of relativity."
"In special relativity, all clocks moving relative to an inertial system will run slower. This is the so-called clock slowdown effect or time dilation effect. It can be accurately described by the Lorentz transformation, the mass-energy equation derived from special relativity It has been indirectly confirmed by nuclear fission and nuclear weapons."
"However, no one has ever confirmed that the clock of a moving object slows down through direct measurement. After careful calculation and long-term preparations, China will directly challenge this physical experiment that can finally verify the special theory of relativity."
"After the satellite is launched, it will run at a speed of 300 kilometers per second in a low-earth orbit 7.9 kilometers above the ground. According to the special theory of relativity, the atomic clock on the satellite will run a little slower than the atomic clock on the ground."
"Because the speed of the satellite is still insignificant compared with the speed of light, we must use extremely precise timing instruments to discover the slow clock effect."
"'Einstein No. 5' is equipped with a cesium atomic clock, which was developed by the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University. This is the most accurate timing device in human history. After 10 million years of operation, the error is less than one second."
"In the laboratory of Tsinghua University, there is a cesium atomic clock that is exactly the same as that on 'Einstein [-]', and they have been calibrated. After a week, will there be a difference in the timing of the two cesium atomic clocks? We are all Looking forward to the answer to this question."
Chapter 30, in my opinion, color TV is not as important as rockets
The launch of the cesium atomic clock satellite caused a boom in the theory of relativity in China. Needless to say, in universities, many high school students are listening with great interest to the teacher's derivation of special relativity with clumsy elementary mathematical tools that high school students can understand.
"Einstein No. [-]" took off for a week, and the readings of the cesium atomic clock on the ground and the clock on the satellite finally showed a difference in several digits behind the decimal point, causing a sensation all over the country.
The reaction of high school students and ordinary people was "Wow, the Chinese satellite and this atomic clock are too powerful!" People in the field of scientific research were secretly surprised.
In the Soviet Union... the mouthpiece of the Soviet party and government congratulated China for its breakthroughs in the field of aerospace and physics, especially for its rare and interesting contribution to basic physics research.In Soviet academic circles, Maximov's anti-relativity views had become a non-mainstream voice after the Soviet Union's atomic and hydrogen bombs exploded, but now they have completely disappeared.
Launching an atomic clock satellite is research that verifies fundamental physics...isn't it.On the satellite roadmap, Tang Hua has already planned that the satellite-borne atomic clock is one of the basic technologies of the second-generation satellite navigation system.Just by the way to verify the old love of special relativity.
In order to deceive people, the names of the satellites are respectful to the old love, which makes people not think of terms such as sextant, meridian or satellite navigation at all.
The status of "Einstein-1964" is a bit like the Timation satellite developed by the United States from 1967 to 57.Through this satellite, the United States determined the feasibility of placing a precise clock in space, then Project 621 by the U.S. Air Force, then developed to the "[-]B Project", and then the SECOR satellite of the U.S. Army, and then started the development of the first-generation GPS constellation .
……
"The second generation of navigation satellites... can we put it on the market later? We haven't made enough money for the sextant system yet!"
That's what the chief accountant said.
Tang Hua: "Vice Premier Chen, the second generation of navigation satellites is still early, and the second generation of satellites will enter orbit in batches after four years, and the second generation of navigation systems in 1964 must be purely for military services. When the first-generation navigation system is almost unsold, we will open the civilian sales of the second-generation navigation satellite.”
Li Fuchun: "By October 10st, the cost of the sextant system has been recovered, and every additional unit sold in the future will be a net profit."
From the beginning of the pre-sale to the present, it has taken a total of one and a half years, and it has only been 10 months since the delivery of the first sextant ground receiver.If the State Planning Commission's investment is invested in other industrial projects except the electronics industry, it will take at least 10 years to recover the investment; if it is invested in the Khrushchev Building, it will take 50 years to recover the rent.
So it is no wonder that the chief accountant and Li Fuchun are so optimistic about the sextant system.The rate of return on investment is too high, and all the money earned is foreign exchange and dollars.If this kind of business can earn an extra year, even if it earns an extra month, it will be a great thing for the country's financial revenue and expenditure.
Of course, rubles are also earned, but the price of providing the ground side of the sextant system to the Soviet Union is relatively low.
In the last two months of 1960, the number of US nuclear submarines exceeded double digits.The first ballistic missile nuclear submarine "George Washington" has been delivered to the US Navy, but has not yet begun combat readiness cruise.However, both attack nuclear submarines and ballistic missile nuclear submarines use compass + astronomical navigation or inertial navigation. The "Meridian" satellite navigation system has to wait for the key star to be launched in February next year.
In the Chinese Navy, the "sextant" is used for high-speed test submarines.Self-assembled or self-imitated Soviet Type 633 "R" class diesel-electric submarines used sextants.Even the S-class submarines originally imported by the Navy from the Soviet Union to train crews, this old-fashioned pre-war goods, are equipped with satellite navigation systems.