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Page 751
In the 1976 Montreal Olympics, doping testing equipment was substantially improved.However, the investment in the doping testing center of the Montreal Olympic Games reached tens of millions of dollars.
Highlights: tens of millions of dollars!
Moreover, it is not only the Olympic Games that are held every four years to build a doping testing center. The Olympic Committee must have a permanent doping testing agency, and in addition to holding continental sports games, swimming, track and field world championships and various cup competitions, doping testing is also required. In the end, every Every country with decent professional sports has its own doping testing center.
Even if no large-scale events are held, and one's own athletes are banned, another set of equipment must be produced in the country to prove their innocence with evidence.
……
"In March 1960, Xu Fulin, a seventh-level engineer at the hot-rolling plant, proposed a process improvement that could increase the hot-rolling efficiency of thin steel sheets for automobiles and significantly reduce the deformation deviation of the steel sheets during processing."
"Xu Fulin's improvement idea was submitted to Anshan Iron and Steel Technology Innovation Center. Engineer Lang Xiu refined, perfected and implemented Xu Fulin's idea. By building a small-scale model, he made the thin steel plate hot rolling proposed by Xu Fulin- With the new molding process, the operation of the small-scale model can speed up the processing efficiency by about 5%, and the deformation error can be better theoretically."
Angang.
Since 1955, Anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. has been a test field for reforming the state-owned enterprise system in traditional heavy industry and manufacturing industry.
The experiment here is a real experiment. For five full years, after Anshan Iron and Steel workers, leaders and technicians put forward the concept of the new system, they will be arranged for a long-term experiment until all the situations are repeated.If the new system is feasible, it will enter the next process; if it is not feasible, it will find out the reasons and summarize the lessons.
At first, the innovations of workers and engineers were suppressed by the factory manager, and later it became the factory's reflection and revision of the "Masteel Constitution."It focuses on how to solve the problem of lack of initiative and flexibility in the Maanshan Iron and Steel Constitution.
Two years later... Anshan Iron and Steel Workers: "Ah! I blamed Brother Ma wrongly! The Maanshan Iron and Steel Constitution is too great! The Maanshan Iron and Steel Constitution is better!"
Well, uttering this sentence means that the crops in the experimental field are only half planted.Continue to water and fertilize.
In 1959, Anshan Iron and Steel, which deeply loved Magang’s constitution, finally found its own way: “We believe that Magang’s system has its own advantages from the perspective of dialectics; but it can also be improved and improved in some directions.”
On the other hand, the overall management method of the steel industry is also changing. The accelerated development of the automobile industry, steel products for cheap civil equipment, and various heavy machinery are both challenges and opportunities for the steel industry.
On the one hand, aerospace, torpedoes, missiles, and artillery demand for steel performance is constantly "rushing". State-owned enterprises are rushing to higher places.
In addition to the summary of the implementation of the reform of the enterprise system, the report sent by Anshan Iron and Steel Industry Bureau & the Ministry of Heavy Industry also included the above-mentioned innovation in the hot rolling process of steel plates for vehicles.
"It is very necessary to improve the hot rolling process of automotive steel sheets. Such products need to reduce manufacturing costs while improving manufacturing quality, and both directions must go forward."
"Xu Fulin's process, the optimization of the hot rolling process can improve the output efficiency of the production line. From the theoretical calculation point of view, it should also improve the processing accuracy. But where is the key problem of the new process?"
"The optimized process flow adds an operator."
"Of course, the optimized technological process can improve the efficiency of the production line. I saw that you have also carried out detailed financial calculations. Generally speaking, the new technology can increase the profit of the hot rolling mill by 4000 yuan per year. Therefore, you think that the new technology It is necessary to replace the old craft."
"But it is precisely from the perspective of financial calculations that this new process is not worth the candle."
"The profit of 4000 yuan in exchange for an additional operator is based on the monthly salary of 70 to 80 yuan per month for the operator, so you think it is worth it. But have you ever thought about the fact that each worker pays The monthly salary should not be 70 to 80 yuan, but 400 to 500 yuan?"
"In the last year of the First Five-Year Plan, based on the continuous improvement of the country's financial revenue and expenditure, we made a decision to increase the wages of employees across the country by 5%. By the end of 1962, which is the last year of the Second Five-Year Plan, if nothing unexpected happens, The country will have a similar policy announced.”
"The wage increase is based on the continuous improvement of the country's total labor productivity. At some point in the future, if the country decides to reduce the accumulation rate of state-owned enterprises, then wages will increase even more."
"They are all steel workers, and all steel is made. The wages of workers in Soviet steel factories are equivalent to nearly 400 RMB. One day in the future, we will also be able to achieve the same level as the Soviet Union, or even better. But this requires enterprises to Everyone is working hard for it.”
……
"Tang Hua, the company has already made money at this level, and you still don't think it's enough."
Tang Hua: "Minister Li, wait a minute, it's still a little bit worse, they still have room for improvement."
When Anshan Iron and Steel makes the best system, it will compile and organize the correspondence between Anshan Iron and Beijing and Beijing from 1955 to 1960, and it should be possible to produce a thick book.
The purpose of publishing the book is of course for other factories.Other industries similar to Angang, which emerged during the first and second industrial revolutions, tell the factories of these industries how to manage and how to deal with the changing environment in the new technology era.
After the Iron and Steel Industry Bureau and Tang Hua wrote the reply to Anshan Iron and Steel, and then sent it to the Finance and Economics Committee, they also asked them to reply with a few words. Li Xiannian said the above sentence.
"The Ministry of Finance has calculated that if the development momentum is still the same in 61 and 62," Li Xiannian said, "In 1962, what we were discussing was not the 1963% wage increase of the national workers in 5, but the general wage increase of 10%."
Tang Hua: "Minister Li, why don't we play bigger."
Li Xiannian:?
"The salary increase is the second thing. Why don't we change to a five-day work system, or a five-and-a-half-day work system?"
……
9 month 12 day.
Urumqi, Nanshan Air Force Base.
A H-6 medium bomber was dragged out of the hangar and stood by the runway.
In the previous 6 hours, the H-6 was surrounded by a group of ground crews in the hangar, and the whole body was carefully checked again.Then most of the ground crew evacuated, and a heavy-duty flatbed trailer came in. On it was a fat and short bomb with a diameter of about 1.6 meters and a length of 4 meters. And a strange, bird-like monster.
"Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing" records: "The water of Zegeng flows out, while the Nanliu pours into the pouring water. There are beasts in the water, and the name is Gu carving. Its shape is like a carving with horns, and its sound is like the sound of a baby. It's cannibalism."
A hydrogen bomb of 400 million tons of TNT, the test bomb is nicknamed "Gu Diao".
Gu Diao is the nuclear warhead with the largest yield that China tested, and it is also the nuclear weapon with the largest yield that exploded in the world in 1960. The United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union are still in the stage of suspending nuclear tests. It's useless, and it's trying to go to a colony in the Pacific to open up a new nuclear test site.
However, Gu carvings should not be the limit of China's nuclear weapons.Tang Hua has made an agreement with Deng Jiaxian that if a [-]-million-ton thermonuclear warhead is to be tested, the bomb is scheduled to be nicknamed "Suzaku".
Two J-5 fighter jets are taking off from the runway of Nanshan Air Force Base.Although there are no invading fighter planes in the sky over Xinjiang, and if U-2 invades the J-5, it will not be able to hit it, but the nuclear bomb test plane always needs to be escorted in the air.
"01 is ready for takeoff."
"Permission to take off."
……
Lop Nor.
The radio navigation station is working fine.
The targets, cars, tanks, bunkers, and buildings placed in the test area are ready.
There are also three "manhole covers" with a diameter of 3 meters in the test area, arranged in a straight line at a distance of 200 meters. These three inconspicuous large manhole covers are the key test objects of this nuclear test.
The simulated underground silo structure, from April to August 1960, the engineering team of the Xinjiang Military Region and the Special Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense worked here for five consecutive months before it was completed.These are reinforcement wells of three different structures designed by the Special Engineering Bureau for land-based long-range missiles and intercontinental missiles.
According to the design goal, the manhole cover and silo must be able to withstand the overpressure shock wave of a 400-megaton equivalent nuclear warhead exploding at an altitude of 800 to 1000 meters.
"For a hydrogen bomb with the equivalent of 400 million tons of TNT, the diameter of the fireball is estimated to be several kilometers. Can this silo really withstand it?"
At the Lop Nur nuclear test site, while waiting for the H-6 to fly, Zhang Yunyu suddenly asked this question.
"Nuclear bomb explosion, the direct destruction method mainly relies on two effects. There must be overpressure shock waves, which decrease according to the distance from the explosion center from near to far; close-range nuclear bomb explosions have the effect of radiation heating."
"Three types of silos have taken thermal effects into account, and the manhole cover is coated with a few centimeters thick heat dissipation material. When the hydrogen bomb explodes, the coating evaporates quickly, so that the temperature of the manhole cover and the main support structure under the coating will not rise too fast. "
Cheng Kaijia explained to Zhang Yunyu the structure of the reinforced silo.