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"The bio-cabin of Sputnik 0.7 is completely sealed and contains normal air with a pressure of 4 atmospheres. The carbon dioxide produced by 'Lycra' breathing is absorbed by the hydrogen peroxide filter plate and oxygen is released at the same time. If the metabolism of 'Lycra' is not abnormally Speed up, then it can survive in space for [-] days. Dog food and water are provided in the form of a paste."
Popov, director of the payload project, introduced the payload in the satellite.
Korolev: "I don't care about these, you just need to measure the dog's weight accurately enough."
Popov nodded: "Half an hour ago, Laika's weight was 10.245 kilograms. Before confirming the satellite launch, we will continue to follow up and measure Laika's weight and physical condition."
This isn't the first time the Soviet Union sent animals into space.Previously, sounding rockets were used to beat the dogs to an altitude of more than 100 kilometers several times. Among them, 5 dogs fell to death or burned to death, and 1 dog survived when it landed.But it's the first time a dog has been launched into low-Earth orbit with a dog spinning overhead.
Sputnik 5 will be in orbit for 6 to 4 months, and the oxygen in the bio-chamber is only enough for Laika to breathe for [-] days... The results are obvious.However, the animal protection organization did not speak out, even after the Soviet Union announced the real mission of the satellite and the details of the biological cabin afterwards, they did not dare to speak out-the Soviet Union cannot be provoked.
10 month 31 day.
The rocket fuel is filled.In the small workshop next to the rocket, Laika had heartbeat monitors, blood pressure monitors, respiration monitors... a lot of instruments stuck on his body, and then stuffed into the biological cabin and fixed tightly.
After closing the biological cabin and the satellite casing, the crane slowly hoisted the 500-kilogram, approximately conical-shaped artificial satellite to the top of the R-7 and installed it on the rocket head.
Preparations for the second critical strike against the United States begin...
Chapter 163, the last test
When the artificial satellite No. 11 was launched, the Chinese delegation led by Chairman Peng, Mr. Song Qingling and Soong Ching Ling was on the train from Beijing to Moscow. On November 3, the delegation got off the train, and news of the successful launch of the Soviet Union's second artificial satellite was overwhelming.
On November 11, the chairman led a delegation to meet with Khrushchev. Of course, Khrushchev proudly mentioned the news of the successful launch of Sputnik 4, saying that it was a satellite eight times heavier than Sputnik [-]. satellite, and was the first to send a mammal into low-Earth orbit.From Sputnik [-] to Sputnik [-], the Soviet Union took two consecutive steps towards the conquest of space.
The chairman congratulated the Soviet Union for its breakthrough in the aerospace field, saying that China had just started its aerospace project and was catching up quickly.
Khrushchev immediately replied that China and the Soviet Union should cooperate more closely in space exploration. China's computers played an obvious role in the development of rockets and satellites, and the Soviet Union could also provide assistance to China's space engineering in various aspects.
The delegation led by the chairman came to Moscow to participate in the celebration of the 1954th anniversary of the October Revolution, just like Khrushchev's visit to China in September 9.Therefore, like Khrushchev last time, the chairman submitted a gift list: two thousand catties of tea, forty tons of Taiwan cane sugar, twenty pairs of Jingdezhen large porcelain vases, forty boxes of Suzhou embroidery, ... four T57M medium-sized computers and four A set of on-board solar battery modules.
"After the start of China's aerospace project, we used reactors to do approximate simulations to study the problems that solar cell arrays might encounter in space environments, and adopted special coating technology to improve the radiation resistance of solar cells, which slightly reduced Under the conditions of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar panel, it has greatly improved its working life in space." Guo Moruo, a member of the delegation and president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained.
What Khrushchev saw was a gift list, not a solar cell module.However, Liu Xiao mentioned aerospace and space. Khrushchev roughly understood that this was for satellites, so he nodded and handed the gift list to the secretary.
After the meeting between the top leaders of the two sides, Mr. Peng met with Marshal Malinovsky, Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union, on behalf of the Ministry of National Defense in the afternoon.
Zhukov?Zhukov... was masturbated, just a week ago.Now he has been disqualified as Minister of Defense, a member of the Presidium of the CPSU, and a member of the Central Committee, and is living in seclusion and fishing near Moscow.
On the next day, November 11, Soong Ching Ling met with Andreyev, chairman of the Soviet Union-China Friendship Association.
……
Beyond Moscow, the shockwaves from Sputnik [-] did more damage.
"The second artificial satellite with animals was successfully launched, and human beings took another step towards space flight"
The Soviet newspapers expressed restraint, instead of celebrating with ecstasy throughout the article, they introduced the technological breakthroughs of Sputnik [-] in a systematic manner:
"Previously, Soviet scientists put animals in well-sealed biological cabins and sent them to an altitude of 200-210 kilometers with sounding rockets for research. As a result, they did not find that weightlessness was harmful to living organisms."
"Of course, there are still many problems to be solved for animals to survive in space, such as air circulation in the airtight cabin, temperature maintenance, food, etc. This requires the development of a series of automatic equipment to ensure that animals can maintain life in space. In addition, primordial cosmic rays, energetic particles from the sun and ultraviolet radiation can also adversely affect living organisms."
"The successful launch of the second artificial satellite with animals marks that Soviet scientists have solved the above-mentioned problems, and it is a step closer to the goal of human beings to achieve spaceflight."
……
Japan can only watch the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union.Regarding the Soviet Union's artificial satellite No. [-], Japan's evaluation is "the weight of the second Soviet artificial satellite is surprising, and it flies so high."
"The second satellite launched by the Soviet Union proves that the Soviet Union has greatly surpassed the United States in terms of technology. According to estimates by Cambridge scientists, it has exceeded two years in satellites, five years in rockets, and more than ten years in astronomy." This is the British Exaggerated reports published by the tabloids.
"The most important aspect of the second satellite was not so much its speed, weight and altitude, but the fact that a living animal was contained inside the satellite. A living object spent more than half an hour in total weightlessness. Time, this is the first time." This is what the professor said when Agence France-Presse interviewed a professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure.
"The Soviet Union launched artificial satellites before the United States, and launched two in a row. This is the biggest failure of the United States after the Pearl Harbor incident." of.
As for how the satellite is doing now, the Soviet Union itself knows best.
In fact, it's not that bad. The dog named Laika died a few hours after going to the sky...
died……
died……
Most of the prepared four-day oxygen was useless.The launch base also poisoned Lake's last dog food, which didn't help.
After the rocket was launched, it was detected that Laika's heartbeat accelerated violently during the overweight stage. After entering orbit and changing from overweight to weightless, Laika's heart rate dropped, but it was still higher than normal.
The main trouble is temperature.The satellite took 103 minutes to circle the earth, and when it returned to the sky over the Soviet Union, the downlinked radio information showed that the temperature of the biological cabin had risen to 39 degrees, which should be 26 degrees normally.
The satellite turned around again, basked in the sun for half a circle, and when it returned to the sky over the Soviet Union, the temperature of the biological cabin rose to 43 degrees.Obviously, when Sputnik [-] was designed, it made a slight mistake in calculating the heat dissipation and heating rate in space—there is no air in space, and the heat dissipation of the satellite depends entirely on radiation. It will cool down when there is no sun, but if there is direct sun , the temperature of the satellite will rise very fast.
The satellite with a temperature of 43 degrees in the cabin circled to the back of the earth, and then circled back. The biological cabin information returned showed that Laika's heartbeat stopped.It has become a hot dog.
At the Baikonur base, Korolev, Chertok, and all the staff in front of the console stood up and bowed their heads in silence for 3 minutes for Laika who died in the space exploration journey.
The satellite has no controllable return device, and it will fall into the atmosphere in a few months. The high-speed object close to the first cosmic speed will rub against the atmosphere violently. The heat will completely burn the satellite, and the body of Laika inside will also disappear.
"We're going to erect a statue of Laika at the entrance to the spaceport," Chertok said, "in honor of the animal that contributed so much to the human conquest of space."
……
Tianjin Satellite Factory.
The newly completed factory test workshop was put into use immediately. Before the factory workers even had time to repair the road at the entrance of the workshop, there were still a lot of unused building materials such as bricks and steel bars scattered around the entrance.
Two workers will advance the No. [-] satellite prototype (not the one in the reactor roaster) to the test workshop, carefully lift it up, and install it on the vibration table to fix it.
Tang Hua: "Frequency, amplitude, let me have a look at these settings."
The workshop director handed over the materials to Tang Hua.
After the launch vehicle is ignited, the satellite will be subject to severe vibrations, especially when the rocket is flying in the atmosphere.Fortunately, enough data on the vibration of the projectile body and warhead have been collected during the test launch of Dongfeng-2. When the satellite was designed and manufactured, every solder joint and every bolt took into account the vibration that must be withstand the launch.
However, just strengthening the welding and bolts is not enough. After the satellite manufactures the prototype, it has to send the prototype to the testing workshop and use a vibration table to actually test it again, in case any part is neglected during design and processing.
Workshop director: "The vibration program is completely based on the information provided by the rocket center, and the running time is consistent with the flight time of the rocket. The vibration table can realistically simulate the overload and vibration of the rocket, and increase 20% on the basis of the value recorded in the data."
After reading the information and data, Tang Hua nodded: "Very well, let's start after the preparations are complete."
Tang Hua came out of the workshop door first, stayed away and waited.
The three workers in the workshop also came out after all the installation preparations were ready, closed the door behind their hands, and turned on the vibrating table by remote control.
Because the test workshop was built too quickly, the vibration table vibration isolation airbag that was supposed to be installed has not been installed, only the rubber shock absorber.If the vibration table is turned on and the person does not leave the workshop, the noise may be too much for most people's ears.
"It deserves..."
After starting, the penetrating noise was transmitted to Tang Hua's body and eardrums through the air and the workshop floor. This feeling is really unusual.
"The first stage is the periodic vibration of natural frequency, in seven frequency bands." The workshop director said.