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On September 9th, the weather forecast was not entirely accurate—the wind stopped, the sky did not turn cloudy, and in fact there was a clear sky over Tyuratam for most of the day—this was supposed to be a launch window.
It was not until the afternoon that the clouds in the sky became dense, and it rained lightly at 9 o'clock in the evening.
On September 9th, the light rain was still falling. Sure enough, the launch will not be possible today, so let’s continue to wait.
……
9 month 30 day.
At 29 pm on the 8th, the last shower ended. In the early morning of the 30th, weather observers observed that the clouds were disappearing.
When the weather forecast confirmed that it will be sunny after 12:3 tomorrow and the wind force is only 4-[-], Korolev decisively ordered the rocket to refuel.
On September 9, the sky cleared.
At 6:30 p.m., the fifth R-7 launch vehicle/ballistic missile, carrying the first satellite, blasted off from Pad 1.
The flames of the 20 nozzles were connected together, and the ground trackers nervously used the high-power optical observation system to track the status of the rocket, but it was not that important—the satellite to be sent was only 83.6 kilograms, which was more than enough for the R-7 rocket. Theoretically, as long as 20 of the 18 nozzles are erupting, the satellite can enter orbit.
This is Korolev's "insurance measure" when launching the first artificial satellite-the big rocket can launch small satellites with additional error tolerance.
At this time, the Soviet Union did not establish a global aerospace monitoring network. After the rocket flew out of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, it disappeared from the control of the Soviet Union.Before disappearing, however, radar monitoring stations observed the on-time separation of the four booster first stages.
The Soviet Union finally confirmed that the satellite was launched successfully, 90 minutes later, when Sputnik [-] circled the earth and entered the territory of the Soviet Union again.
……
"The Soviet Union took the first step of interstellar travel, and the first artificial satellite was successfully launched"
"Soviet Union opens up a new era of science! "
"The radio companies of the United States, Britain and other countries receive the signal of the artificial satellite"
"After a lot of intensive work by various scientific research institutes and design bureaus, the world's first artificial earth satellite was made. On the afternoon of September 9, my country successfully launched the first artificial satellite with a carrier rocket. The carrier rocket made the satellite The speed is close to 30 km/s, which is enough to make it escape from gravity and become a satellite of the earth."
"The successful launch of the first artificial earth satellite is an extremely significant contribution to the progress of world science and technology. Scientific experiments conducted at such high altitudes are of great importance to the understanding of the characteristics of space and the study of the nature of the earth as a planet in the solar system." , is of great significance."
……
Although ecstatic in his heart, the Soviet Union actually reported the news with extreme restraint.
There is no need to spend too much effort on the text, the facts are here: the Soviet Union took the lead in entering space.
"Sergey! That's great. I didn't believe you could surpass the Americans with your satellite, but you really did it!" Khrushchev congratulated Korolev after learning the news.
On October 10, news of the successful launch of a satellite by the Soviet Union also made headlines in domestic newspapers.There is a congratulatory article on the first edition, followed by the time when the satellite will pass through several cities in China in the next few days, and a satellite cycle graph.
In a few months, it is estimated that my own satellite will come out like this, first let the Chinese who know radio practice.
……
washington.Special session of the U.S. Senate.
"Gentlemen, we have allocated $10 billion for ballistic missiles and launch vehicles. Why are the Soviets the first to launch satellites into space now? The Soviet Union has already surpassed the United States?"
a scrawny congressman asked Eisenhower.
"The Soviet Union's investment in missiles and aerospace is no less than that of the United States," Eisenhower said. "Because of the national system, the Soviet government can allocate a lot of resources and funds to aerospace engineering without any explanation. This is the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. difference."
There was a hum of whispering in the Senate floor.
"Mr. Dulles, the Soviet Union is ahead of the United States in the field of spaceflight. Didn't your CIA warn you?"
Allen Dulles, younger brother of Secretary of State Dulles, produced a thick stack of reports: "No. In fact, since the beginning of this year, the CIA has been reporting that the Soviet Union is advancing by leaps and bounds in the field of rockets and ballistic missiles. But our The warning has not been taken seriously enough in the eyes of relevant departments."
"You mean, you've noticed that Soviet rockets are ahead of the United States?"
"Exactly, I have reports to prove it," Allen Dulles pulled out a sheet from the stack, "Since June 1957, the Soviet Union has been testing a large rocket weighing 6 tons. When launching a satellite, it is a launch vehicle, and if it is equipped with a nuclear warhead, it is a ballistic missile that can attack the United States."
"The June report prompted the president to announce an accelerated launch of satellites, as the United States also needed rockets to deliver nuclear warheads to the Soviet Union. However, none of the rockets/ballistic missiles being developed by the Air Force, Navy, and Army could match the Soviet Union's 6-ton Rockets, even if these ballistic missiles were deployed to Europe, they would not be able to hit Moscow."
Eisenhower: "Given the dire state of the situation, it is my opinion that Congress needs to pass a special appropriations bill for an additional $10 billion in emergency funding for the launch vehicle and satellite programs in order to keep our own satellites capable." Launched into space in late 1957 and capable of delivering a nuclear bomb into the Soviet Union in 1958."
……
Eisenhower turned his back on customers, turning criticism from lawmakers into proposals for increased funding.
Then...the Senate really approved the $10 billion budget.
Fangshan.
On October 10, the prototype of the Forward 5 satellite was removed from the internal area of the 542 reactor.
Tang Hua watched the whole process of getting the satellite in front of the monitor.
"You can only look at it, and you can't touch the satellite after you take it out," Qian Sanqiang said. "It has been exposed to high-energy radiation for too long, and many materials on the surface of the satellite have been beaten into isotopes, which may still be radioactive. This thing If it is left to cool for half a year, the radiation may not be reduced to the normal value. We will use instruments from a distance to measure whether it is working normally, and that will do.”
Tang Hua: "It must be normal if it is normal. At the last moment before the cable is disconnected, the chips inside are normal as before. ...Zhu Guangya, well done, the radiation shielding measures designed are too perfect."
Wuliang Suhai, October 10.
Qian Xuesen followed the rocket train and got off at Wuliangsuhai. The weather in the Inner Mongolia prairie was already very cold at this time, so Qian Xuesen added a thick jacket for himself as soon as he got off the bus.
"Old Feng."
"Director Qian," Commander Feng said, "in the autumn, although there is no rain in the test base, strong winds often blow non-stop. If you want a time window with less wind, you may have to hurry up, and we will do it on the evening of October 10th." hair."
Qian Xuesen: "That's the decision. The No. 1 arrow will be inspected overnight, and the inspection will be completed tomorrow. The No. 8 arrow will be refueled during the day, and it will be shot out at night."
Chapter 162, the dog is innocent
"On October 1957, 10, China successfully conducted a suborbital flight test of a launch vehicle within its territory. This test did not target any specific country or organization."
... Tang Hua wrote it in his notebook for fun.
In this era, there is no need for any official notification to conduct ballistic missile test launches or space launches within one's own country.
In the 21st century, because there are many infrared early warning satellites flying in the sky, when an object with a temperature higher than the threshold appears within the sensing range and moves to the top of the atmosphere, the satellite will "dididididi" alarm.
Because it is a passive infrared system, these early warning satellites are also wide-area surveillance.So when you launch rockets and ballistic missiles, at least you should issue a no-fly announcement to explain it, so as not to be inexplicably surprised when you pass the satellite above your head, and remind civil aviation that there is a no-fly zone by the way.There is no need for this now, unless the country wants to show off.
The first and second flight tests of Dongfeng-8/Long March-2 on the 1th were launched at 9:100 pm. When the rocket reached an altitude of [-] kilometers, the fairing broke away, exposing the simulated satellite inside.After the second-stage fuel of the rocket was burned out, the fake third-stage rocket and the satellite were separated, opened their parachutes and fell down, and were recovered by the troops in Xinjiang.The fairing was recovered by Zhangye's troops.
This test verified the reliability of the second- and third-stage separation operations—there is not much suspense, and the separation of the first and second stages of the Dongfeng-2 missile is already relatively proficient.In addition, it was also verified that after the fairing is detached, when the satellite is flying at an altitude of 100-200 kilometers, whether exposure in a near-vacuum environment with some gas molecules will actually cause damage to the satellite.
On October 10, the troops in Xinjiang sent back a message by telegram: After a simple analysis of the satellite model found, it should be fine when flying in an extremely thin atmosphere, because the surface paint of the model is intact.
……
There is another situation in this rocket test: when Dongfeng-2/Long March-1 was flying at the end of the trajectory, the radar monitoring station deployed by the Soviet Union in Kyrgyzstan saw the third stage and satellite model dropped by the rocket.This test launch was longer than the normal Dongfeng-2 flight distance. The third-stage rocket fell 2669 kilometers away, and the satellite model fell 2590 kilometers away.