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Moscow.

After the delegation arrived, the troops split into three groups, and Vice Chairman Liu went to the Kremlin—Khrushchev wanted to meet with Chinese comrades as soon as possible.

Tang Hua first went to the State Planning Commission, and then he may continue to discuss the introduction of the nuclear industry with the Soviet State Planning Commission and the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Trade.

Wang Yongjun went to the General Staff of the Soviet Army.

Wang Yongjun, who was awarded the rank of major general last year, wore a low-key general uniform, as did the Soviet major general Antonov who met him.When introducing each other, Wang Yongjun introduced himself as the deputy minister of the Ministry of Communications, and Antonov's department is also a very vague "Department of Communications and Mathematics".

"Since 1952, the U.S. military has replaced the C52 cipher machine, starting with the troops on the Korean Peninsula; in 1954, the U.S. military and the armed forces of NATO countries have fully completed the replacement of the C52 cipher machine. Of course, there are also M-209 cipher machines. The country continues to use it, mainly the military of some small countries attached to the United States. In short, cracking the C52 cipher machine is currently our focus."

Antonov first talked about the key work of his "Department of Communication Mathematics".

This should be the most secretive military meeting between the Chinese and Soviet militaries. There were only four people present: Marshal Sokolovsky, Chief of General Staff, Wang Yongjun, Antonov, and an interpreter.The military rank hanging on the interpreter's shoulder is actually a colonel.

Wang Yongjun: "This is indeed the case. We first encountered the C52 cipher machine in the Korean War in early 1952. After comparing information from multiple parties, we determined the structure of the C52 cipher machine. I remember that you also provided information on the structure of the C52 cipher machine. This is a very important reference. Since then, after more than ten days of trials and tests, we have completed the only ciphertext cracking of C52, and continue to maintain the instant deciphering of the lower-level telegrams of the U.S. Army Group Army."

Antonov:! ?

Sokolovsky: "You broke the C1952 cipher machine in the first half of 52, oh, you also have an implicit message that you broke the M-209 cipher machine long before that?"

Wang Yongjun: "Yes. I have brought the cracking program of the M-209 cipher machine and the cracking program of the C52 cipher machine this time. However, the comrades in the military advisory group in China mentioned that you are also concerned about the M-209 and C52 have been studied for a long time and have also been computer-assisted in recent years?"

Antonov: "Yes, with the assistance of computer programs, we have broken C52. On the premise of obtaining the ciphertext of 3000 words, it takes about 24 hours to 96 hours to obtain the key."

Wang Yongjun: "What kind of computer do you use?"

Antonov: "24 hours to 96 hours refers to the time it takes to use the T55M medium-sized computer to crack."

Sure enough, after obtaining the computer, the Soviet General Staff would also try to use the computer to decipher the ciphertext of the cipher machine.However, it seems that Soviet comrades do not have as much programming experience as Wang Yongjun. Although the T55M is a medium-sized computer, its calculation speed has reached or slightly exceeded the level of the TC52, and 24 to 96 hours is a bit slow.

王永俊：“我们最初使用的是比较原始的计算机，但最近也是在T55M上运行破解程序。我们对C52的唯密文破解时间是6到8小时，对M-209的唯密文破解时间是1小时以内，对恩尼格玛密码机的破解时间也是1小时以内，对增转子的改进型恩尼格玛密码机的破解时间是2到3小时。”

The improved Enigma cipher machine with 2 rotors added is the cipher machine currently used by the Soviet Army.This kind of encryption machine is also provided to our army, because the encryption computer of Wang Yongjun and the Beijing Computer Institute has not yet been put into production, so this thing is still equipped with more than 100 sets...

……

Soon, Wang Yongjun used the T55M computer to complete a ciphertext-only cracking of the improved Enigma cipher machine.Facing the cracking program whose cracking speed was 4~10 times faster than his own, Antonov was silent.

The meeting continued the next morning. Sokolowski, who didn't come yesterday afternoon, knew that the improved Enigma cipher machine was vulnerable to computer programs, and his mood suddenly became heavy.

The Communication Mathematics Department of the Soviet Army probably knew that the encryption strength of the improved Enigma machine was not as good as that of the C52, but the Communication Mathematics Department did not study the method of cracking it on a computer, so the Soviet military did not know how to crack the improved Enigma machine. How much time does the Enigma machine take.

"As part of the Sino-Soviet scientific and technological cooperation agreement, the cracking programs of four common cipher machines are authorized for your use from now on," Wang Yongjun said. Program, about the mathematical mechanism of cracking the cipher machine, there are two papers written by me, which have not been published before, and are also provided this time.”

Marshal Sokolovski still had a very heavy heart.

"After the Dresden computer theft, the United States has made a big leap forward in computing, hasn't it?" Sokolowski asked.

Antonov: "Yes, there was a leap in American computer technology in 1955, and they copied that stolen computer."

Wang Yongjun: "The invention and maturity of computers marks the death of classical cryptography, but the battle between encryption and decryption will never stop. In fact, in the computer age, encryption is still easier than decryption."

Antonov: "You mean, design a special computer and use computer operations to obtain ciphertext?"

Wang Yongjun nodded: "We are developing such a machine. It will take about 55 years to crack the encrypted ciphertext with this T400M computer."

Chapter 127, First Explosion of the Atomic Bomb 1961-1962

If the development of the encryption computer can be traced back to the origin, it was the pre-research group established at the end of 1952. In 1953, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and Taiwan ended, Wang Yongjun returned to Beijing, and the development of encrypted computers was officially launched. In January 1954, Hua Luogeng joined the development team. Half a year later, Lao Wang and Lao Hua proposed the concept of asymmetric encryption.

It has been three years since Wang Yongjun joined.An encrypted computer was three years in the making...and a little bit less.

The slow progress is not due to computer technology being stuck, but Wang Yongjun's almost perfectionist requirements for encryption algorithms.First of all, he is a top password cracking expert, with three years of experience in computer cracking passwords. When he designs an encrypted computer, it is obvious that he wants to bypass all areas that may be caught, so that outsiders have no way of doing it, even if they use computers to crack it. succeed.

Tang Hua certainly supported Wang Yongjun's performance requirements for encrypted computers.Not only did Tang Hua support it, but Li Kenong and the Prime Minister also fully supported it after they knew about it, and they even personally asked about the progress of the encryption computer technology research and development.

……

Leningrad.

The talks between Wang Yongjun and the "Department of Communications and Mathematics" of the Soviet General Staff lasted for several days. I heard that it had expanded into an academic exchange meeting on cryptography technology.

Tang Hua went to Leningrad these days.

In the dry dock of the Leningrad Shipyard, the [-]-ton icebreaker "Lena" was lying in it. A lot of scaffolding was built up and down the hull, and the arcs of electric welding came and went one after another.At the outfitting pier near the dry dock, a lot of buildings on the deck of the larger icebreaker "Obi" and the [-]-ton heavy transport ship "Cooperation" were demolished. Parts are being replaced for both ships.

These are three members of the Soviet Union's Second Antarctic Expedition Fleet. They are undergoing final refitting at the shipyard and are scheduled to depart in five months.

"In 1955, we sent the First Expeditionary Fleet led by Mikhail Somov to Antarctica. On January 1956, 1, the fleet landed in Far Bay, Antarctica, and Alexander Gusev led a team to land on the Antarctic coast. Establish a scientific research station in Antarctica. On February 5, the Mirny station was completed."

The Soviet Union's Antarctic scientific research project was hosted by the Soviet Academy of Sciences and cooperated with the Soviet Navy.Maximov, Secretary of the Antarctic Expedition Project of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and Tang Hua chatted outside the shipyard about the Soviet Union's Antarctic scientific research plan.

Maximov: "After the First Expeditionary Fleet established the Mirny Station, we immediately organized the Second Expeditionary Fleet. The time is very tight, but we have to go. ...... The first expeditionary fleet 'July' transport ship and Mirny The station is trapped and we must rush to the rescue."

Tang Hua: ...

The Soviet First Expeditionary Fleet consisted of two icebreakers "Obi", "Lena" and the transport ship "July".Three ships entered the waters around Antarctica, docked to unload their cargo, and then—the "July" was frozen.

The two icebreakers tried to get close to the "July" and used their own ice-breaking bows to gnaw away the ice near the "July", but it turned out that this could not be done. meters, but could not help the "July" to clean up the icicles that accumulated around it.

The two icebreakers didn't have much supplies. Seeing the situation was wrong, they returned to the voyage quickly. They arrived in Leningrad in May, and then immediately entered the dock for maintenance and refitting. They were going to take the transport ship "Cooperation" to sail in November.

June is summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere. The Mirny station and the crew on the trapped "July" are locked in the insulated cabin to eat dry food in Antarctica, which is tens of degrees below zero. Occasionally, when the weather is good, they can Go out and shoot two penguins to improve your life...

Tang Hua: "Comrade Maximov, I remember the Antarctic scientific research plan of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The ultimate goal is to establish a scientific research station at the geomagnetic South Pole."

Maximov: "Exactly, and we will not change the plan because of the accident of the first expedition. The Second Expeditionary Fleet carried the equipment for establishing a new scientific research station. While rescuing the 'July', The Second Expeditionary Fleet continued to land, starting from Mirny Station, continuing to go deep into the Antarctic continent, building the first station at a distance of 370 kilometers from Mirny, and then continuing to go deep to reach the magnetic South Pole. However, this involves Mirny Station Communication issues with the new station."

Tang Hua: "Close to the geomagnetic South Pole, radio communication equipment interferes very seriously, but if the anti-interference design is made for the geomagnetic field area, then radio communication can be guaranteed. It can even be optimistically estimated that not only the Morse code telegraph can work normally, It is even possible to use increased power communication equipment for voice communication. Have you considered wired communication?"

"Considered it, but 370 kilometers of communication cables is a lot of weight, and the second expeditionary fleet may not necessarily be able to carry these equipment and cables."

Tang Hua: "Then the long-distance anti-jamming communication system can be handed over to China, and we can arrange to deliver it to Leningrad before October 10."

At the Mirny Station on the coast of Antarctica, the Komsomolets Station that goes deep into the interior of Antarctica, and the Vostok Station built at the magnetic South Pole, the Soviet Antarctic scientific expedition began in 1955, and basically built itself within a few waves of expeditionary fleets. Antarctic scientific research station system.

Tang Hua: "Another thing, does the energy supply of the Antarctic scientific research station rely on diesel generators?"

Maximov: "Obviously, only diesel generators are available, combined generators and batteries."

"No, there is another energy supply method for the scientific research station during the extreme daylight in summer," Tang Hua said, "solar photovoltaic cells."

The Antarctic scientific research station is good. The small batch of solar cells produced is too expensive to be used anywhere, but now the opportunity has come: the Soviet Union is conducting Antarctic scientific research, and the solar cells can be sold smoothly.

……

"Hungary is a country that was a slave state of Nazi Germany during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, their army was fighting the Soviet Red Army. Moreover, as far as I know, the Hungarian army's fighting will even when fighting the Soviet army No less than Germany. The Hungarian system after World War II was formed under the coercion of the Soviet army, which made the Hungarians very uncomfortable."

"To use a metaphor, Hungary is a pile of dry sand. No matter how much force the Soviet Union used, it was impossible to squeeze it into the desired shape."