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In 1951, the U.S. military seized transistors that had never been used by the U.S. military from the Korean battlefield. The CIA pointed the suspicion at William Shockley.
Shockley's narrow-mindedness and overjoyed success buried a big hole for himself at this time.
The transistors made by Shockley in the laboratory in the 40s were germanium-based transistors, and Tang Hua had improved them to silicon-based ones. As long as Shockley honestly admitted that "China's transistor design technology has surpassed mine, I can't design such a small transistor." , In fact, it's all right.
However, what Shockley said was: "Yes, I also studied the principle of this transistor, but I don't know who leaked this technology to China."
Of course, the CIA only listened to half a sentence, so the truth became "Shockley said that the principle of this transistor was also studied by him..."
As for whether it was Shockley who took the initiative to leak the technology to China, or the staff around Shockley, then the CIA has to investigate and investigate. Everyone is a suspect, and everyone has a part in the investigation and review.
After being investigated by McCarthy, Grace Hopper honestly said that "China's computer has exceeded the upper limit of what I can design and imagine. The hardware technology has surpassed the computer of Remington Rand, and the software technology has far exceeded I," so she was reviewed later than Shockley, but is now off the hook and continues to write programs for T51-like computers in a US Air Force laboratory.
And Shockley can only teach physics to first-year students in the university.
……
"The transistor was researched and prototyped by Shockley, Bardeen, and Bratton in the late 40s," Tang Hua said. "Although I improved the transistor, I may still sell transistor computers everywhere, but I’m not the first to discover it, so I shouldn’t have the Nobel Prize this time.”
Landau: "In 1954, you announced the structure of the improved transistor and the principles of quantum mechanics. The Soviet Academy of Sciences has sent the papers and results to the Nobel Committee."
After it was confirmed that transistors were seized on the Korean battlefield and the T1954 computer was stolen in 51, the structure of transistors and the principles of quantum mechanics are no longer worth keeping secret, and the process of mass-manufacturing transistors is the secret.So in June 1954, Tang Hua proposed and the Soviet Academy of Sciences took the lead, and made this part of the content public.
Tang Hua: "That depends on what the Nobel committee members think. There is still a gap between originality and improvement."
Chapter 116, Secret Report
Black Sea, Sevastopol.
The main base and headquarters of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet of the Soviet Navy.
It is now January 1th. When Tang Hua and Luo Shunchu arrived in Sevastopol, they could still see the "Novorossiysk" battleship with its belly upturned in the north of the port area, and there were large and small engineering ships busy beside it. It may be salvaging the remains, or it may be removing the ammunition and emptying the fuel before trying to right it.
The "Novorossiysk" sank due to unbalanced water intake on the starboard and starboard sides, and the keel and the main hull in the middle were not destroyed.In theory, if you turn it over again, Xiuxiu can continue to use it.But Khrushchev hated large surface ships, and felt that these were floating targets. The explosion and sinking of the "Novorossiysk" gave Khrushchev a reason to rectify the navy.Therefore, the Soviet Navy will not repair this ship.
"The Soviet Union's Type 56 is already in service, and our Type 56 is still being assembled and built. It seems that this step from frigate to destroyer is not easy," Tang Hua said, "Assembly will start in December 54. It will be launched in the next month, but judging by the current situation of Jiangnan Plant and Hudong Zhonghua, it may take September to October to launch, and the completion and delivery will be in 12."
Luo Shunchu: "The speed is already very fast, and the Navy also understands the shipbuilding industry system. And our side is also a chaotic battle, not to mention the Type 56. For the six US-made destroyers that were refitted and rebuilt in Shanghai, we will pay for every two ships delivered. It's been a while, the navy is most short of qualified commanders and sailors."
Lieutenant Colonel Yertenko, the combat staff officer of the Black Sea Fleet, led the way. Tang Hua and Luo Shunchu headed for the first Type 56 destroyer "Experience" officially in service in the Black Sea Fleet.
Now, the Soviet Navy has received three Type 3/Kotlin-class destroyers, two built by the Leningrad Shipyard, and the "Experience" built by the Nikolaev Shipyard.In addition, there are seven Type 56 destroyers in the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Sea of Japan for sea trials.
From 1955 to 1959, the Soviet Union built 27 Type 56 destroyers, and this wave of dumplings fell hard.
At the pier, Tang Hua signaled to Yertenko that he was not in a hurry to board the ship. He walked back and forth first to see the appearance of the Type 56 destroyer.
The design modification of the Type 56 destroyer was jointly carried out by China and the Soviet Union. The appearance of the "Experience" is the appearance of the same type of destroyer in China in the future.
The full-load displacement is 3200 tons, which is actually similar to the Keeling class.The whole field is 126 meters, and the width is only 12.7 meters. It is a typical layout of a thin and high-speed lightning strike destroyer, but now the Type 56 destroyer has no 533mm torpedo tubes.
The layout is basically the same as the old "Lvda".A CM-2-1 dual-mounted 130mm main gun at the bow, then a CM-20 quadruple-mounted 45mm anti-aircraft gun, then the bridge, and between the two chimneys is a quadruple-mounted Eagle Strike-2 anti-ship Missile launcher, there is a quadruple 45mm gun on the left and right sides of the middle, behind the rear chimney is the Hongqi-4 ship-to-air missile system, and behind it are dual 130 tail guns...
The weapon configuration is almost the same as that of the modified Keeling in China.But the Type 56 is a new ship, and the brand-new shell looks comfortable, and it can be built by itself in the future.
"The 'Experience' was officially enlisted on January 1th. From January 4th to February 1th, it sailed for training three times. The second time it went to sea for anti-aircraft artillery drills, and the third time it went to sea to complete the shooting of the front and rear main guns," Yertenko said, "According to the training subjects, it is time to go to the training of the anti-ship missile system."
The three boarded the destroyer. Captain Saha Jiyang saluted Yertenko, then looked at Luo Shunchu in Chinese navy uniform and Tang Hua in civilian clothes.
Yertenko: "General Luo, the deputy commander of the Chinese Navy. Academician Tang Hua, he led the development of your anti-ship missiles and anti-aircraft missiles."
The captain suddenly realized what he heard, and took a step forward to shake hands with Luo Shunchu and Tang Hua.
……
Moscow.
The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union opened on February 2.
On February 2, it was the turn of the delegations from various countries attending the 15th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to speak.In his speech, the commander-in-chief first expressed his gratitude to the Soviet Union for its comprehensive assistance to China, and then said that the Soviet Union's construction achievements were an example for China to learn from.
The two days on the 14th and 15th were quite normal. On February 2th, there was a small sign: Suslov, secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, made a speech.
Although Suslov did not say it clearly, there were some new statements in his speech:
"The theory and practice of the personality cult, which violated the spirit of Marxism-Leninism, was spread before the [-]th National Congress of the Party, which brought great losses to the party's organizational work and ideological work. This theory and practice narrowed the people's The role of the masses and the party weakens collective leadership, undermines inner-party democracy, and suppresses the enthusiasm, initiative, and initiative of party members."
The commander-in-chief, Nie Shuai, the chief accountant, and Li Fuchun felt that Suslov's speech was a little bit out of the script, but their habitual thinking made them feel that Suslov might still be saying that the Soviet Union was gradually rehabilitating Stalin in the past two years Some cases of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases during this period.
The meeting then returned to normal.Bulganin made a report on the Sixth Five-Year Plan (1956-1960), and Kaganovich made a report on the Central Commission for Disciplinary Inspection of the CPSU.As in previous congresses, the reports were adopted after lively discussion and a show of hands.
February 2, New Year's Eve.The commander-in-chief and his party went to the Chinese embassy to celebrate the New Year with the staff of the embassy and had a New Year's Eve dinner together.Not long after the commander-in-chief arrived at the embassy, Mikoyan, a member of the Presidium of the CPSU, also visited the Chinese embassy to congratulate the Chinese New Year and had a drink with Chinese comrades.
"The relationship between the two parties in the Soviet Union and China is a model of the alliance of the socialist camp," Mikoyan said, "Our cooperation is based on mutual trust, all-round cooperation, and no dead ends. The socialist construction of China is the biggest impetus."
Commander-in-Chief: "The Soviet Union is the first socialist country in the world. We still need to learn from the experience of the Soviet Union in terms of national construction and political power construction. Now there are more than 900 Soviet experts in China to help China with construction. They are Chinese The bridge of Soviet friendship is also the hero of the Chinese and Soviet people."
Mikoyan: "Here I also express condolences to the Chinese technicians working in the Soviet Union."
……
Well, not only are Soviet experts in China helping to build factories, bridges, tunnels, and various industrial facilities, but China also has technicians in the Soviet Union.The number is smaller, more than 90 people in total, but these people are really doing technical work in the Soviet Union.
——It is the operation and maintenance personnel of the computer. Another two months ago, a fiber optic laying technical team of more than a dozen people also arrived in Moscow.Dozens of operation and maintenance personnel operate more than 30 after-sales service stations in the Soviet Union. In addition to these more than 90 Chinese, the after-sales service stations also employ more than 200 Soviet workers to do some auxiliary work.
Mikoyan held up his wine glass and paid tribute to the representatives of the Chinese technicians—several engineers working in the after-sales service station in Moscow.
After toasting, Mikoyan said: "The most powerful Chinese technician working in the Soviet Union, academician Tang Hua, did not come today, what a pity."
Commander-in-Chief: "Tang Hua and Deputy Commander Luo Shunchu went to Sevastopol last week. A new destroyer has just been commissioned in the Soviet Navy. Our navy will have it in two years. Tang Hua will go to investigate and study first. Let's see how the new weapons on the warship are performing, and how to improve and develop in the next step."
Chief accountant: "On the 16th, Tang Hua sent back news that he went to sea with the destroyer on the 17th, and it is estimated that he is still in the Black Sea."
……
Black Sea, outside the port of Sevastopol.
In the calm Black Sea, the destroyer of more than 3000 tons is very stable no matter how it is driven.Tang Hua has an officer's cabin on the ship, and it's fairly comfortable to live in.
On the 19th and 20th, the "Experience" conducted anti-ship missile test training in the Black Sea. On the 19th, a training ammunition without a warhead was fired, and on the 20th, a live ammunition was fired, blowing up a scrapped cargo ship.
The two bombs generally hit the target, but when the first training missile was launched, the Soviet sailors were not very proficient in the process. When the operation reached the fourth step, the operation made an error, and the captain had to order the anti-ship missile system to reset. Go to the initial state and start again.
"Comrade Sahajiyang, this small meeting is the same as yesterday's meeting to solve the same problem."
Tang Hua gathered the captain and crew involved in the launch of the missile on the 19th to discuss the anti-ship missile system on the ship.
"It seems that Alex made a mistake in the fourth step. In fact, from another perspective, maybe we can make the preparation stage of the missile system easier before launch, or even omit the fourth step directly, so that It will never be possible to make the same operational error again.”
"Let's see what the fourth step is," Tang Hua said. "The fourth step is to write ballistic instructions to the missile. If the missile system can automatically write the data obtained by the radar to the missile, what kind of changes will there be?" ?”