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"Look, our jet-powered glider is back."
Little Richard Bissell heaved a sigh of relief when he saw the returning U-2 appear in view.
This is the second verification aircraft of U-2. The first test flight in August 1955 was equipped with a J8 engine, and it only flew up to 37 meters. The second verification aircraft finally used the J20100. This test flight climbed to The height of 57 meters is still a little far from the designed 22600 meters.
As for Richard Bissell, Jr., the highest official who watched the test flight, he was not an officer of the US Air Force, but Dulles' assistant—the Dulles, the director of the CIA.
U-2 circled in the air, aimed at the runway, and flew lower and lower.Take a closer look—no, where are the wheels of this product?
Removed to lose weight.
The U-2 has four landing gears in front of the fuselage, behind the fuselage, and left and right wings. The landing gears at the front and rear of the fuselage can be retracted, and the landing gears on the left and right wings can be discarded after takeoff.
So what black technology, what skunk studio, what epoch-making technological revolution——even if it is epoch-making, the research and development process is not so mysterious, at least half of the performance improvement comes from tearing down the east to make up for the west...
By this time the landing gear on the U-2's centerline had touched the runway.In the initial stage of landing deceleration, the ends of both wings are still off the ground, the speed of the aircraft is getting slower and slower, the wings are not upturned, and the left and right tilt of the aircraft cannot be corrected. There was a scratch on the lawn next to the runway, and there was a sizzling sound.
"Congratulations, the ceiling of the test flight broke through 7 feet today," said Richard Bissell Jr., "but remember, its limit altitude is 8 feet. months."
"To be honest, General LeMay doesn't like planes without landing gear." Trevor Gardner from the Air Force expressed objections to the blind optimism of CIA officials.
"Technically, it still has some landing gear."
On the runway, a group of ground crews ran toward the stopped U-2, four of them pushing two wheels attached to long poles—the landing gear for the U-2's left and right wings.
The ground crew ran to the upturned wing first, installed the landing gear, and then the two heavier ground crew kicked their legs and jumped up to lie on the end of the U-2's wing.
U-2 slowly changed from tilting to the left to tilting to the right. The side that was flying in the air fell down, and the side that used to gnaw on the grass rose up.The ground crew rushed to push the small wheels to install on the other side.With the landing gear on both sides, the tow truck came and towed the U-2 from the runway to the hangar.
When the wing landing gear was installed, the U-2 pilot had already walked out of the cockpit with the help of the ground crew, the oxygen mask was removed, and the pressurized full-body closed flight suit had not had time to take off.
……
Historically, the U.S. military was also in a hurry to develop the U-2. The test flight was completed that year, and some aircraft took missions to the sky to take pictures over the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
Because the United States has very limited intelligence on the Soviet Union, especially the Soviet industrial zone near the Urals, the only set of aerial photos in the hands of the United States is still taken by a Nazi German reconnaissance plane in 1942, and the United States seized it from the Germans in 1945.
The United States speculates that a considerable part of the Soviet Union's nuclear industry is located in the Ural Mountains, so it is urgent to obtain the latest information on this area.
The development of U-2 is highly confidential, but the Americans also know that as long as it flies over the heads of the Soviet Union and China, the secret of its flying height cannot be hidden.
But the reality is worse than Americans imagined.
"In the next few years, we need to be prepared to deal with ultra-high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft with a maximum flight altitude of around 24000 meters."
Before the U-2 flew to China, on January 1956, 1, the Air Force Staff of the People's Liberation Army held a "Homeland Air Defense Conference in the New Era".
"This kind of operation is to discuss how to formulate appropriate tactics to increase the probability of interception under the background that my next-generation air defense missile has not yet entered service and can only use the Hongqi-25000, which has a maximum combat altitude of 3 meters, as the main interception equipment."
"Currently, the Northeast and North China regions are the most concentrated in the reconnaissance of our territory by the U.S. military's high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The U.S. military hopes to know in real time the number of our troops in the Northeast and North China that can quickly enter the Korean Peninsula to fight."
"Followed by Taiwan and the Hangzhou-Shanghai region, the key reconnaissance targets of the US military here are the main ports and naval bases of our East China Sea Fleet."
The combat intelligence staff of the staff department first introduced the background of interception operations.
"I don't know why the intelligence department reminded us to prepare to intercept the reconnaissance plane flying at an altitude of 24000 meters, but this is news from the intelligence department of the General Staff. Not only should you pay attention to it, but at this meeting, all deduction must be based on this. the facts."
Air Force Chief of Staff Wang Bingzhang set the tone for the meeting, asking his staff not to raise doubts such as "Is 24000 meters nonsense?"
"The Hongqi-3/S75 missile system was tested in the Soviet Union earlier than ours, and our missile brigade also went to the Soviet Union first to learn and train," said Commander He Tingyi of the Air Force Air Defense Force. "Although the maximum combat altitude of the Hongqi-3 is 25000 meters, the It is very difficult to attack a target at an altitude of 24000 meters."
He Tingyi first took out the range-elevation profile diagram of the Hongqi-3. On the diagram, the area that can hit a height of 24000 meters is not a range radius of 35 kilometers, but a circle with a radius of only 15 kilometers.
“除了有效射程缩减得厉害，红旗-3导弹在2万米以上，飞行速度也是会严重下降的。红旗-3导弹在推进剂刚烧尽的时候可达到1150米每秒的速度，在22000米就只剩450米每秒，在24000米高度就只有300多米每秒。”
The first brigade has three missile battalions, that is, three units that can operate independently, and each battalion has 12 launchers. Considering the hit rate and loading rate, at least 3 launchers must be deployed in groups.
After all the calculations, the first brigade is all deployed in the northeast, and it is impossible to intercept the flight route of the 24000-meter reconnaissance plane. At least two-thirds of the coastline, reconnaissance planes can sneak in.
It is also difficult to increase the number of anti-aircraft missile brigades. Although China is fast in making fire control computers and missile control modules, the Soviet Union is slow in making missiles and launch systems.The domestic Hongqi-3 production plant is still under construction.
"In view of the increasing difficulty of intercepting ultra-high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, the number of our anti-aircraft missiles cannot increase indefinitely. Therefore, it is impossible to completely defend against the attack of ultra-high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft," said a staff officer. "In my opinion, We should focus on how to shoot down some of the ultra-high-altitude reconnaissance planes that frequently invade our country."
"That is to say, it can only be luck. The US reconnaissance plane just happened to fly over our missile position and shot it down?" Wang Bingzhang asked.
"If we can shoot down some of them, say a third or even a quarter, then the U.S. Air Force will definitely not dare to fly in there in the future," He Tingyi said, "This loss rate is enough for the Americans to cancel follow-up reconnaissance plan."
Wang Bingzhang: "That can be regarded as an expedient measure. This plan can be implemented in principle. After all, it can also shoot down the American plane, but you need to think more about how to increase the probability of interception."
……
On January 1956, 1, get in the car.
From January 1 to 22, the State Planning Commission of the Soviet Union, the first phase project summary of the Soviet National Automatic Plan Calculation and Order Distribution System; the second and third phase project planning seminars.Maybe you can get a medal from Khrushchev.
From January 1th to 29st, the Sino-Soviet air-to-surface guided munitions development planning meeting.
On February 2, the chief accountant, Xue Muqiao and Ye Jizhuang came to Moscow. They are expected to visit for 1 days. The main work is the final negotiation on the establishment of observer status between China and the Economic and Trade Council.
From the beginning of February to around the 2th, the Laser Physics Conference of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, the date is to be determined, when Tang Hua will be free...
In February, there will be Sino-Soviet atomic energy/science and technology cooperation. I am afraid that this is the major event that will determine the progress of China's nuclear weapons program.In this meeting, a group of seven scientists from China and the Soviet Union made an academic report first, and then the introduction of atomic energy technology.Qian Sanqiang and Zhao Zhongyao will take the train to Moscow at the end of January, just for this matter.
Then... Tang Hua looked at his schedule and wrote another line on February 1956, 2:
Today is the last day of the [-]th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
The 2th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held on February 14. There was a delegation from China, and the commander-in-chief had been confirmed as the head of the delegation, with Nie Shuai as the deputy head.The delegation set off on December 12. After arriving in Moscow, the delegation will continue its westward journey, visiting Poland, East Germany, the Czech Republic, and Romania first, before returning to Moscow before the opening of the 22th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The Twentieth Congress was held from February 2 to February 14. There were no problems in the first 2 days, but on the 24th, the last day of discussion at the meeting, Khrushchev took out a A speech: "Finally, I will say a few words", and then I spoke for four hours.
The report was called "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences."
hmmmm...
Chapter 110, the shiny bald head appeared in the audience
Briefly listed the event schedule, Tang Hua will stay in the Soviet Union for at least one month this time.
1955 has passed, and this is the third year of the Five-Year Plan.Although the economic statistics won't come out until late January, don't worry about the industrial growth rate, it's just a "whoosh" anyway.What Tang Hua cared about last year was not the growth rate, but the balance of the industrial development rate.
However, the balanced development of industries also means that the growth of local industries (a small number of heavy industries and most of light industries) will be higher than expected, especially in the six or seven big cities that are under the focus.
The best news in 1955 should be about agriculture. Now the data on agricultural output value has not been released, but the data on grain output has come out, which is an increase of 1954% compared with 9.1.Among them are the 1954-year rebound in output after the 55 catastrophe, as well as improvements in fertilizers, farmland water conservancy, and reclamation.
Before going to the Soviet Union, the last thing Tang Hua did was to create a big obstacle for Guo Moruo.
"Dean Tang, this... what is this?"
This is the drawing on the first page of a report, an elliptical dome structure with a span of 100X200 meters. The cross-sectional view shows the internal structure of the dome, which may be made of steel or aluminum alloy. In short, the dense metal grid makes this The giant domes reach enormous spans without a single supporting column in between.
Tang Hua: "This is the fully sealed dome plan proposed by the Bureau of Heavy Machinery. Aren't you planning to excavate the Changling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty? You also asked the Bureau of Heavy Machinery for construction machinery... The Bureau of Heavy Machinery made a complete dome design plan for you , to excavate the Changling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, one has to cover the underground palace."
Guo Moruo: "Should this dome be built on top of the Changling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty?"