0p0 Page 509
Page 509
……
Obviously, this speech will appear on the front page of "People's Daily" tomorrow.
Tang Hua turned around and applauded—in fact, Li Siguang was not far away.
Li Siguang smiled and clasped his fists to the left and right.
"Minister Tang, stop applauding, stop applauding, look, the top-blown converter model of the steel industry is coming!"
Tang Hua looked downstairs, and it really was a model of a steelmaking furnace and a coke oven.
"Hey? What about the small blast furnaces produced in China?" Tang Hua asked Li Fuchun.
"That? That single float, you can see it later!"
Small Blast Furnace is really singled out as an achievement.
Then Tang Hua saw the model of the vertical milling machine of Shenyang No. [-] Machine Tool Factory. ——It’s just a milling machine without CNC module.This... Forget it, the proposal to keep it secret was still proposed by myself.
Chapter 101, Lu Zhishen's Stick Sex
October 1955.The first thing that needs to be done jointly after the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Sciences: the review of the handbook of subject terms.
This is not a dictionary, but many: "Physics Terms", "Mechanical Engineering Glossary", "Chemical Industry Glossary", "Biology Terms", "Geology Terms", and of course "English-Chinese Dictionary of Science and Technology" And "Russian-Chinese Dictionary of Science and Technology".
Of course, this is not all. In the future, various reference books and glossary manuals will be published in batches.
"Professor Lu, is the compilation of "Modern Chinese Dictionary" started?" Seeing Lu Shuxiang, Tang Hua first asked another question.
Lu Shuxiang: "Yes, the country has just established a project to form the compilation team of "Modern Chinese Dictionary". But it will take two to three years to sort out the language and grammar, collect nouns, and then officially start the compilation. Of course, noun collection also includes science. Technical nouns, so the various glossary manuals reviewed today are very important for our editing team."
Dictionaries cannot be completed quickly. It took three years for "Xinhua Dictionary" and five years for "Modern Chinese Dictionary".
Tang Hua: "That is to say, you will publish a first draft around 1960 or 1961?"
"According to the plan, it should be at that time."
Tang Hua: "That's just right. Around the time you printed the first draft, a new printing technology will appear in the industry and science and technology departments. By then, this will not only be China's first modern Chinese dictionary, but also the world's first without A book that is printed without a developer is also the clearest book."
Lu Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu: "Wow! Oh! Then what kind of technology is this?"
"Let me answer for Dean Tang," Qian Sanqiang interrupted, "This technology must be kept secret for now. The electronic information industry has a lot of secrets."
"Same as your Institute of Atomic Energy." Su Buqing added.
Qian Sanqiang: ...
Tang Hua glanced at Hua Luogeng who was next to Su Buqing: "Don't think that there are no secrets in your mathematics circle."
The secret was so big that even Su Buqing didn't know that Hua Luogeng was working on the encryption algorithm of the digital encryption machine.
……
A month ago, the academic committee members of various disciplines took away the first draft of these terminology manuals, and went home to make changes in circles. Today at the meeting, they discussed the parts that should be changed that they thought were inappropriate.
"Huh, I found this word used a few times in this chapter," Wang Ganchang said first, "This word is not good."
"This is a dimension that means one kilowatt."
Wang Ganchang: "The convention in Chinese is that each word has one sound. This thing, written as 瓩, read as kilowatt, completely violates our reading and speaking habits. Speaking of it, kneading kilowatt into one word will not speed up the writing speed, but will also increase the writing speed." Slow down, because when you write it, you have to arrange the two radicals in the word nicely."
Tang Hua remembered that it wasn't a matter of one "word" of Xiao, but many "words".For example, there is a "兛", pronounced as kilogram.Then came a long list of demons and ghosts: 兡, 兙, 兝, 兣, 兞.
Do you think these words are pronounced in hundred grams, ten grams, centgrams, centigrams, and mograms?Wrong, their pronunciation is hundred grams, ten grams, centimeters, millimeters, milligrams...
It's not over yet, there's more to come.Hmm, this one is not difficult, it is pronounced as jialun.
Lu Shuxiang: "These glyphs that appeared during the Republic of China, in my opinion, cannot be defined as Chinese characters, but as 'hewen', which existed in ancient times, such as 'golden ten thousand taels' or 'golden ten thousand taels' often written on privately cast bronze medals. It is even more exaggerated to put the four characters together, and when I went to Shaanxi a few years ago, some biangbiang noodles were written on the upper bunk. But when they are put together, people don’t think it is Words, but combined texts."
Tang Hua: "Professor Lu is right. It's better not to include such combined texts in the manual. Moreover, the current computer system does not include them in the [-] simplified Chinese character fonts."
……
"Sonar is the most widely used and most important device in underwater acoustics. It has active and There are two types of passive."
"Actively emit sound waves to irradiate the target, and then receive the echoes reflected by the target in the water to measure the target's azimuth, distance, speed and other parameters. "Na" means "cry". Passive sonar is used to measure the target's azimuth, distance, and speed by radiating noise and signals emitted by underwater acoustic equipment, and 'Na' means "receive".
This is what Tang Hua wanted to talk about first.
"Professor Lu mentioned the grammatical principles and general laws of modern Chinese just now. Measured by this standard, the pair of nouns sonar and sonar also violate the grammar of modern Chinese, and it also makes reading and writing cumbersome."
"Sonar and sonar are distinguished by active and passive, which means that whether a thing is sonar or sonar, we have to judge according to the previous text, and then we can write the correct na or na. This is sometimes very difficult. "
"For example, what is the sound of the Pegas of the Soviet Navy? What is the word behind it, Na or Na? This is an active detection, it is sonar. Then the US Navy AN/SQS-23, Na or Na? I believe that everyone here is in addition to the naval equipment direction Comrade, others don’t know whether to use na or na. SJD-9 type sonar, na or na? Even I don’t know, because there is no such equipment yet.”
"Which word to use for sonar depends on the meaning of the previous text. It really does not conform to the common sense of language. Sometimes it is even difficult to determine which word to use." Wang Ganchang said, "It should be unified into one word."
……
"English-Chinese Dictionary of Science and Technology", it's time for this one.
"Robustness is translated into robustness. Is it the first translation in the field of biology in China?" Tang Hua asked.
Tan Jiazhen: "Yes, it should have been translated by Committee member Tong Dizhou in the 24th or 25th year of the Republic of China."
Tong Dizhou stroked his beard and nodded.
Well, what Tang Hua had always wanted to know before he did not travel through—who created the translation of 'robustness', now he has the answer.
It's time to settle accounts with the old boy...
Robust/Robustness, robustness/robustness, if you don’t read textbooks, how many people will think wrong?
Robust/Robustness was used in the field of biology before the formation of the automatic control theory. It is used to describe the overall characteristics of organisms. maintain its structural and functional stability".
To use an analogy, it is a dead fat man. If he is genetically destined to be fat to [-] catties, then even if he diets to lose weight, it will be useless, because the biological system of his body will automatically reduce the calorie intake when he senses the reduction in the number of calories he eats. Energy consumption, maintain a constant weight of [-] kg.
Later, when modern control theory was established, the term Robust was also borrowed from biology, with a similar meaning. In other words, the field of self-control expanded the definition of Robust from organisms to all systems of organisms and non-organisms.
"I used 'robustness' in several papers on cybernetics and control rate that I published in the Soviet Union." Tang Hua said. "Where does this start? It may start with the spread of Western learning in the late Qing Dynasty and the translation habits of Chinese people."
Settling accounts doesn't mean rushing up to beat up the old boy, Tang Hua has to reason.
"Since then, most of our translations of proper nouns have to be consistent in sound and meaning, not only the pronunciation of the original word, but also the meaning of the noun itself. To be honest, sometimes it is very difficult to balance both ends."
"There are some very classic translations that have both pronunciation and meaning, such as Gestapo translated into Gestapo. However, some translations do not follow the pronunciation, and are also very classic, such as Universe translated into universe, which is derived from the phrase "Sifang Shangxiayueyu, go to The past and the present are called Zhou', which is the best correspondence with the modern concept of time and space found in Chinese classics."
"Robust is translated into Robust, which should be to accommodate the pronunciation of Robust itself. But if the pronunciation is accommodated, its Chinese meaning will be very obscure. Moreover, I have thought about it for a long time, and I really can't find one that is similar to Robust and can express Chinese characters with the meaning of Robust."
"Then talk about the word robust. Literally, a rough stick. But in fact, what it really means is 'Even if you hit it hard with a rough stick, it will still return to its original shape', Tong Lao, it means Is that what I said?"