0p0 Page 497
Page 497
The good news is that after learning about the situation of Wusan Farm, in the autumn of 1953, the state allocated 410 tons of urea from the Zhengzhou Fertilizer Factory to improve soil fertility and increase production and income for Wusan Farm.This is one of the few records of chemical fertilizer factories transporting fertilizers across provinces. However, there is a railway from Zhengzhou to Wuhan, and the transportation is relatively convenient, so there is no big setback.
The scene of the wheat summer harvest is quite spectacular.Six Stalin-6 and eight Stalin-4 combine harvesters drove out of the garage and headed for the wheat field.The Stalin-6 is a large combine harvester, which goes straight to the 2-mu wheat field distributed in Wusan Farm; the Stalin-4 is a small harvester, which is responsible for [-] acres of smaller and slightly scattered wheat fields.
"The yield of the previous year was 130 kilograms per mu. Last year, the unflooded wheat field yielded 150 kilograms per mu." Yi Huijing, the director of Wusan Farm, touched the ears of wheat at his feet. Crazy!"
Captain Li of the convoy did not look at the harvester. He stood beside the head of Yichang and watched the six "cruisers" in the wheat field breaking the waves in the sea of wheat.Hearing this, he said: "Master Yi, the yield per mu of this land is estimated to be close to two hundred catties this year."
Yi Huijing: "A bumper harvest is certain, the yield per mu... Let me see first."
After tidying up his trouser legs and shoes, Yi Huijing went to the rice field to estimate the planting density and the fullness of the ears of wheat, "Xiao Li, the yield per mu of this land should be more than two hundred catties."
"Master Yi, are there so many? Last year, the yield per mu was only [-]!"
"My experience is absolutely reliable. This year's wheat not only grows higher, but after we added a round of fertilizer, the wheat grains are more and fuller, which is much better than last year. It can be up to 220 kilograms, and the maximum may be [-] kilograms."
Captain Li clicked his tongue, but was still a little skeptical.
Yi Huijing: "How about we make a bet, if the yield per mu of this wheat field of [-] mu is less than [-] kilograms, I will make you a wooden desk for free. If it exceeds [-] kilograms, you Lend me the tape recorder for a month."
"Sure, if the weight exceeds [-] kilograms, I'll buy you a Henan opera tape."
……
In the afternoon of the second day, three Stalin-6s collected the wheat and dumped it on the grain drying yard to dry.
"Xiao Li, you don't have to wait until it's dried, you can estimate how many carts of wheat you have collected." Yi Huijing said with a smile.
Harvesting of winter wheat starts from northern Hubei, and then proceeds to Henan and Hebei in turn.
In the 21st century, wheat harvesting in the Central China and North China Plains is a group of Mackers driving a harvester and rolling from south to north.In this era, the road and railway networks are not good, there are few state-owned mechanized farms, and the harvester scheduling is not perfect-so the farm's operating machinery can only be wasted.
"It is better to dry the wheat on the concrete floor. This soil drying field is only used if there is no other way."
Yi Huijing and the farm workers made full use of the relatively flat dirt roads and fields on the farm.This year's wheat harvest is a little too much.
The 3 mu of wheat is harvested sequentially, and the threshed wheat needs 4 to [-] sunny days to dry and dehydrate.In the past, there was no problem with the arrangement of the cement sun-drying field, but this year there is a bit too much wheat. Although the cement sun-drying ground has been piled up very thickly, there is still a small part of it that cannot be piled up.
On the soil field, Yi Huijing carried a bucket, which was a paste made of cow dung mixed with some water, spread a layer of cow dung evenly on the soil field, and spread the wheat here to dry after the cow dung dried .One is that the soil is sticky, and the wheat is not easy to carry the soil; the other is that it can block the moisture of the soil below the soil field, so that it will not be exposed to the sun for too long.
Small cooperatives and individual farmers’ harvest statistics are late, but state-owned farms’ current season’s harvest can basically be reported to the government or higher-level units with just a phone call.
Five Three Farms is the southernmost state farm that grows wheat and uses urea.
The first thing the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Planning Commission received was the rough grain production data of Wusan Farm.
"I want to talk about a situation first. Wusan Farm has allocated the fields for the application of chemical fertilizers after reaching the chemical fertilizer quota."
The secretary told Minister of Agriculture Liao Luran about the situation of Wusan Farm.
"Wusan Farm now has a total of 10 mu of arable land, including 410 mu of wheat fields and 410 mu of rice fields. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Planning Commission allocated [-] tons of urea to them based on the amount of [-] kg of wheat per mu. urea, but they later reported that the fertility of the rice paddy fields was not good, because the farms had fewer people and more land and there was not much farmyard manure, so they distributed [-] tons of urea equally to all the wheat and paddy fields.”
Liao Luran nodded to show that he understood.Sitting in front of the computer, he stretched out his right index finger hesitantly, and slowly clicked a key on the keyboard, and then clicked the next key. Three minutes later, Liao Luran opened the email report sent by Wuhan Computer Center to the Planning Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture.
Wusan Farm sowed 4 mu of wheat last year, and 6300 mu of it was soaked in water, all of which failed to harvest. The remaining 33700 mu of wheat fields harvested 5060 tons. Only counting the harvested fields, the average yield per mu was 150 kilograms.
This year, 4 mu were sown, and there was no water in the spring, but there was a harvest.The harvest is estimated to be 1 tons, with an average yield of 8900 kg per mu.
The urea-grain exchange ratio is about 1:10. Considering that the 6300 mu of wheat field was soaked in water last year, but not only did it not decrease in production, but now it has increased significantly like other fields, and the utility of urea may be even higher.
Liao Luran: "Hiss~~~"
……
State Planning Commission.
From the second half of last year to the spring of this year, a total of 33 tons of nitrogenous fertilizers were put into agricultural production and distributed by various regions.
Among them, 16.5 tons of urea, 3.3 tons of ammonium sulfate, 3.2 tons of ammonium chloride, 1.5 tons of ammonium nitrate, 4.1 tons of calcium ammonium sulfate (true industrial scrap fertilizer), 2.5 tons of ammonium bicarbonate, and some others Nitrogen fertilizer.
Compared with last year, the main reason is that 16.5 tons of urea and 8000 tons of ammonium chloride were added.
Now 8 state-run farms have sent this year's wheat harvest data. These 8 farms actually used 4200 tons of urea, and their grain production increased by 6.5 tons compared with last year.
However, there are also water conservancy construction, soil quality improvement and other measures that have brought positive effects. It will take some time for detailed data to be collected, but it is very possible that 1 ton of urea can produce 10 tons of grain.
"Statistics for state-run farms come relatively quickly, while production cooperatives and communes come later. Moreover, the statistics of cooperatives and communes are not necessarily very accurate." Zhang Xi said.
Xue Muqiao nodded in agreement with Zhang Xi's speculation, and added: "We want to look at the data of grain production, mainly to obtain the effect of chemical fertilizers on agricultural production. The data of the state-run farm is accurate, so we only use the state-run farm as an example for statistics. alright."
Zhang Xi: "Old Xue, this statistic is roughly accurate, but there are still some errors. I have always worried that cooperatives and communes in remote areas cannot apply fertilizer correctly according to the method of fertilizer use. If the method is wrong, the efficiency of fertilizer spreading may be reduced. Not that high."
"And there is another situation to consider," An Ziwen said, "the Huaihe River was flooded in 1954. In order to help the disaster-stricken areas in northern Jiangsu escape the post-disaster hardship as soon as possible, we made an exception and shipped 7500 tons of fertilizer to northern Jiangsu. The land foundation in northern Jiangsu is very poor. , It was even worse after the floods last year, and the production of chemical fertilizers was increased, and the increase in production may not be as expected.”
……
The Planning Commission, the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly held a meeting.
Although the statistics obtained are for 20 large state farms, the effectiveness of fertilizers is already clear.
Then there is one last thing left: increase production next year.
"Financial subsidies are needed as soon as production increases, and you have forced me into a dead end again." The chief accountant looked uncomfortable.
"Vice Premier Chen, we are also working hard. After improving the process this year, the price of urea per ton has dropped by 11 yuan. If the full-speed production mode is implemented, the average price of urea per ton can be reduced by 10 to 20 yuan." State Administration of Chemical Industry Director Peng Tao said.
Hou Debang: "Vice Premier Chen, China's urea industry is now the world's leading, with the lowest manufacturing cost. The ammonia full cycle stripping method is not popularized in other countries, and the patents are all in our hands. In terms of financial subsidies, there is no The method is to control the price of food at a low level by the state.”
Chief Accountant, Xue Muqiao: "... Cough!"
"Food prices have to take into account both urban and rural areas and future development, so it can only be done temporarily," said the chief accountant, "Please report a figure. I'll go find the money for how much chemical fertilizer production can be achieved next year."
Peng Tao: "Five sets of synthetic ammonia-urea production lines are designed to produce 10 tons of urea each. The five sets have already entered the full-speed production stage, and the urea to be put on the market in the next cycle will be 50 tons."
Chief accountant: "OK."
Peng Tao: "A nationally produced synthetic ammonia unit combined with an ammonium bicarbonate production line was designed by Academician Hou last year, and has been in Tianjin for more than 8 months of trial production. We have also pre-purchased equipment for expansion of this unit. If The Ministry of Agriculture has demand, so we can start the construction of six ammonium bicarbonate plants very quickly."
Liao Luran: "There is a demand. Please build it immediately."
Chief accountant: "If this ammonium bicarbonate is produced, what is the subsidy for each ton of the country?"
……
In June, the wheat is harvested and dried, and in July, it is time for the double-cropping rice planting area in southern Hunan.
In Lengshuitan, Lingling County, Hengyang, members of Shanglingqiao Commune harvested, dried, and weighed the early rice. After reporting the total, the members rejoiced.
"We bought 600 yuan of chemical fertilizers last year. How much has the early rice production increased this year? [-] catties! I said that the government can't lie to people. Let's see, is this year going to be better for our commune?"