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"Have you simulated a river with a computer?" Kololyov, the leader of the Soviet expert group, asked.
"The entire reservoir area and the areas that may be affected are simulated. Of course, the reservoir is divided into several calculable parts, and the amount of calculation is not unlimited."
Bukov, a hydraulic expert at the Leningrad Hydropower Design Branch: "Are these calculations based on proven correct formulas?"
Zhang Guangdou changed the first slide: "These are formulas and theorems that have been proven to be correct, even in textbooks. We just used the formulas to perform a large-scale numerical calculation to conduct a comprehensive simulation. "
Lin Zhengying: "About two years ago, Minister Tang Hua paid attention to the Sanmenxia Project. Now he has provided us with computers and analysis software. I think it may be to allow us to conduct detailed calculations and demonstrations before the project starts. This computer system is already in use. ...Our Ministry of Geology and the oil field have played a huge role, and Vice Premier Li and Chairman Deng are well aware of this.”
The Chinese participants were all cadres at the expert committee or vice-ministerial level and above. Of course they understood and nodded one after another.
This means that the Chinese participants unanimously approved the results of the finite element calculation.
……
Tang Hua never showed up at the seminar on the Sanmenxia Project.Only the TC54 computer and finite element analysis showed their faces.
The draft design of the Sanmenxia project was rejected for major revision, and Tang Hua only found out about a week later when he read the internal document notification of the Planning Commission.
At this time, Tang Hua was in another office, having another meeting.
"The rainfall in the Huaihe River Basin began in May this year. There were heavy rains and heavy rains in June, and there were five consecutive heavy rains in July. The center of the heavy rain was in the upper reaches of the Pihe River, Huaibei, Wangjiaba and Zhengyangguan."
The meeting was presided over by Li Baohua, vice minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, and what was being discussed was not the Yellow River, but the Huaihe River.
"The heavy and concentrated rainfall in the basin has caused major floods in the entire basin. On July 7, the maximum daily flood volume of the main stream of the Huaihe River was 30 billion cubic meters, exceeding that in 531. The reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River have limited flood control storage capacity, so they play no role. Not significant, the accumulated floodwater is only 1931 million cubic meters."
"In addition, a total of 217 billion cubic meters of floodwater has been blocked in the flood storage area, and a total of 303.73 billion cubic meters of floodwater has been stored in the flood storage area and lake depressions. These are far from being able to cope with this year's flood."
Zeng Rubai, director of the Huaihe River Management Committee: "Due to insufficient manpower, material resources, and construction machinery, the first phase of the Subei Irrigation Canal did not have an outlet. When the flood came, we had to carry it around and try to drain it into the Yangtze River. This is our mistake. The construction project The standard is low. We have to build sea access channels separately. But what is the construction standard for sea access channels, and how can we overcome the once-in-a-century flood? We still hope to use computers to check the calculations."
Tang Hua: "The supercomputer in the Beijing Computing Center has been contracted by the water conservancy department for half a month. It is either occupied by the Yellow River Commission or the Huaihe River Commission. It can be used for several days. I have a suggestion, the Ministry of Water Resources Get a supercomputer directly, your own computer, all for your own use.”
Li Baohua slapped the table: "This is what we want to talk about!"
Chapter 73, the highest state of planned economy
Beijing Computer Institute.
Tang Hua, Li Qiang, Minister Fu of the Ministry of Water Resources, Li Baohua & Deputy Minister Lin Zhengying walked into the compound, passed through the general office/R&D area, and registered and verified their identities for the second time in the advanced R&D area.
Tang Hua: "Minister Fu, some projects carried out by the Computer Institute and the Communication Electronics Institute are relatively sensitive. In order to prevent the leakage of technical secrets, the security and security measures are stricter. I hope you understand."
"Of course, it should be, it should be."
Minister Fu Yisheng only found out a few days ago that the Ministry of Water Resources applied for the use of the country's supercomputer, and the first move was to solve very complex and major water conservancy engineering problems.
It is a bit embarrassing that the matter is handled by two deputy ministers respectively.
After that, the two deputy ministers still reported to him, saying that the Ministry of Water Resources needed to be equipped with a supercomputer to better complete the design calculations of water conservancy projects across the country.Of course, Minister Fu signed and stamped the application. After the application was sent out, it was approved by the central government. Half a month later, Tang Hua called to say that the supercomputer customized for the Ministry of Water Resources had been built and was being debugged. You can come to visit.
"Mr. Fu, the computer you saw at the Ministry of Water Resources is a general-purpose computer, which means it can be used not only for scientific computing, but also for commercial purposes such as administration, office work, survey statistics, etc. It can do everything, and the price is not too expensive. , and the computing power is not particularly prominent."
"Compared to general-purpose computers, there are special-purpose computers and the supercomputers we want to see. The computing power of supercomputers can reach dozens to hundreds of times that of general-purpose computers of the same generation. It is most suitable for complex scientific calculations and huge numerical simulations. .The supercomputer is also the key equipment of the country, and its information cannot be leaked easily.”
Fu Yisheng: "In the first half of last year, a computer in East Germany was stolen by British spies. It was a big deal. Is it a general-purpose computer?"
"It is a T51, a general-purpose computer produced in 1951. It is very backward now. But this T51 has helped the United States a lot in the field of computers. We and the Soviet Union and Eastern countries have also re-strengthened security and confidentiality measures afterwards." Tang Hua said.
The five people entered the "stacking area" of the advanced research and development area, and visitors could only stay in this area. ——There is no need to show the three of them the laboratory, production line, and computer design office of Team X...
Open the warehouse door in the storage area, in front of you is a computer system consisting of 8 cabinets and 4 monitors.
"This is TC55," Tang Hua said, "TC means supercomputer, and 55 means that it should have been officially produced in February 1955. But this is the time when the general-purpose computer was released to the outside world, and the real machine was manufactured internally earlier. , and now you can get it in early January.”
其中4个柜子是处理器柜，这回用上了10微米工艺的X5400系列芯片。2个柜子是存储器机柜，2个柜子是显示、操作等I/O设备链接柜。
比起最后一代晶体管超算TC53，TC55的机柜从16个缩减到8个，运算能力是TC53的4.5倍——这一步的跨越有点大，主要是集成电路应用之后带来的效应。
Li Baohua: "The supercomputer Zhang Guangdou and I used last month seems to be called TC54. How much faster is this TC55 than TC54?"
Tang Hua: "The calculation speed of TC55 is 54 times that of TC2.2."
……
"Last year and this year, there were some important technological breakthroughs in the computer field," Tang Hua said, "so the computing speed of the new generation of computers has doubled compared to the old ones. But it will not double every year in the future. On the other hand, there may be some years where the speed of progress is relatively high, and some years are slightly slower."
Lin Zhengying: "I used TC52 once at the end of 51. At that time, I felt that the supercomputer was dozens of times faster than T51."
Minister Fu had never known about TC51 before.Now he felt that the chairman must have kept him from knowing about advanced computer technology.
But Minister Fu was wrong this time. It was not the chairman who intervened that time, but Tang Hua who proposed it first and the Prime Minister nodded.
In those two or three years, Minister Fu's heart was also turned upside down, wobbly, but luckily he didn't cheat in the end.
After the five campaigns to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, he basically didn't think about other things. After the Taiwan War in 53, he went to the chairman to talk to him.The chairman met Minister Fu, and the two just chatted. The chairman didn't mention those embarrassing things. They chatted and ate a meal, one Hunan dish and two Shanxi dishes.
When he went to lobby for the Suiyuan Uprising, he asked his old subordinates to hide the rifles, but later he counted them and handed them in.The chairman said you should keep it, what's the use of keeping it.
... Besides, do you dare to stay here?
Among the more than 1 rifles, many treasures have been selected, such as the breech-loading Abba rifle improved by the Russians, the Terry Norman lance in the 1870s, etc., which are rare in the revolutionary military museum under construction.
"In the second half of last year, I also inspected the banks of the Yellow River," Fu Yisheng said. "First, I inspected the Yellow River. After seeing the original site where the Huayuankou burst dikes, I temporarily decided to go to three provinces along the Yellow River flooding area. These places burst in the past The floods in China are still affecting agriculture, and we have to deal with them quickly."
Tang Hua: "The control of the Yellow River Flooding Area is a big project. The Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture will be very busy in the future. Minister Fu must also pay attention not to get tired. You are twice my age now."
Fu Yisheng laughed.
"Minister Tang, what are those?"
After a while, Fu Yisheng saw that there were still two sets of computers in the "storage area", so he asked Tang Hua.
"Those are two medium-sized computers, the model is called T55M," Tang Hua said. "A general-purpose computer is actually a small computer. Between small computers and supercomputers, there are medium-sized computers and mainframes. Those two medium-sized computers One is for the Ship Design Institute in Shanghai, and the other is for Shenfei in Shenyang. In the future, we can also sell medium-sized aircraft to the Soviets."
Fu Yisheng nodded: "That is to say, even the Soviets don't sell this kind of supercomputer?"
Tang Hua: "General-purpose computers and medium-sized computers can be sold, but supercomputers are not sold or promoted."
The T-55M has two cabinets, one 1.8 meters high and one 1.1 meters high. Inside the 1.8-meter cabinet are integrated circuit memory and computing/processing cores, and inside the 1.1-meter cabinet are hard disks and I/O interfaces.This thing still looks very heavy, and it can also inherit the appearance of computers such as T54 and T53.
The T55M medium-sized computer can already perform calculations similar to the simulation of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, but the speed is a little slower, and the same calculation will take an extra day or two or a week.
……
State Planning Commission.
"The power of the State Planning Commission comes from Article 92 of the Soviet Constitution: The highest state and administrative organs of the Soviet Union represent the country, implement unified social and economic policies, and manage the national economy, including the direction of scientific and technological development, and measures for the rational use of natural resources; design and approve review the economic and social development programs of the USSR; and approve reports on their implementation."