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"But in this village, even if the elderly and children don't go down to work, each labor force only needs to cultivate 2 mu of land," Tang Hua said. It's just a place."
Xiao Cao: "Yes, the land in most rural areas can't keep up with the population. In 52 and 53, there was a phenomenon of land annexation in northern Jiangsu. Our government didn't prohibit the sale of land. I have spare money If a person buys land from other farmers, even if he buys land two or three times higher than the average per capita, he will cultivate it himself. If he does not hire labor, he is not a landlord, and no one can control him. If he does not engage in cooperatives and people’s communes , people will starve to death in a few years."
It seems that when Xiao Cao went to the countryside in northern Jiangsu, he investigated very carefully.
……
"The growth rate of industrial output value this year, if nothing else, is more than 20%, maybe between 22% and 23%," Tang Hua said. It's too fast, and I feel panicked and afraid of overturning the car; but when I went to the countryside to see it, I felt that the development speed was not fast, and I even wanted to speed it up, because it was really urgent."
In 1953, the country's population was 6 million, that is, in this year, the annual monetary income of the country's rural population was 8.6 yuan.There is also non-monetary income, that is, the rations such as rice and vegetables grown by oneself, which may be worth tens of yuan or hundreds of yuan, but the ticket that each person earns throughout the year is 8 yuan and 6 cents.
With this money, I need to buy salt and cloth, farm tools and kerosene—if I think about it too much, kerosene lamps are only lit during the Chinese New Year, and I can’t afford them at ordinary times.
Now the country's per capita cultivated land is more than that in the 21st century, more than 2 mu per capita, but there are areas such as the three northeastern provinces and Xinjiang with more land and less land.The densely populated mountainous provinces in the southwest have always had little arable land, and situations like Huangjiachong are common.
Tang Hua: "The per capita land is 9 points. The harvested grain is enough for rations and seeds. After paying the public grain, there are dozens of catties left, and it is sold for 5 yuan. This 5 yuan is the annual income. Huang Jiachong's per capita 0.9 Acres of land is relatively small in the villages in this area, but there are even fewer."
Xiao Cao: "The development of agriculture is really urgent. In addition to building water conservancy and reclaiming arable land, the more important thing is to establish chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery industries to realize agricultural modernization."
Tang Hua: "Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery, if these three industries are added, the industrial population occupied will not exceed 1000 million, and enough pesticides and fertilizers can be provided for the country's arable land. However, what we are talking about now is not to use 1000 million Farmers moved into cities to produce chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but [-] million people, turning [-] million people from rural population into urban population engaged in industry or other industries.”
Xiao Cao: "...I understand what you mean by 'very urgent' just now."
It is true that the countryside is poor and the countryside is miserable.
Some people say that it is all due to the poor workman and peasant scissors, but this is one-sided.
Selling sixty catties of rice for five yuan is a bit of a deliberate effort to lower the price of agricultural products, so it’s no longer a matter of scissors, can the price be raised?doubled.
The annual income of farmers is 10 yuan.
Go up again?Triple it?
The annual income of farmers is 15 yuan.
Enough for what.But at this time, you look up and look around, my dear Didawarish, food prices have risen by 300%, and the whole country is probably in chaos.
So the key reason is: a labor force who can cultivate 10 mu of land now only cultivates 2 mu of land (the supply of means of production is insufficient), and 80% of his productivity is sealed.
These assumptions are all based on the premise of animal farming. If mechanized agriculture is used as the benchmark, it is even more exaggerated. 98% of the productivity of this labor force is sealed.
Assuming that each laborer is given 10 mu of land, he has paid public grain and left seeds and rations, and he can still sell a thousand catties of rice. Even if the purchase price of rice is 8 cents per catty, the annual monetary income is 80 dollars.
It's a pity that looking around the world, there are no large uncultivated lands, and Tang Hua in Canada and Australia can't beat it either.
……
Tang Hua: "Agriculture still cannot be relaxed. If the arable land area of the country cannot be significantly increased, then use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, water conservancy, and improved seeds to gradually promote these things. Let the total agricultural output of the country outperform the population growth rate, and increase every year. There is a certain net increase, which improves the average living standard of the whole country. But we have to develop industry and other industries rapidly, so that more farmers can become workers. This is not only a way to make the country stronger, but it also means improving the average living standard in rural areas. level."
Xiao Cao: "That is to say, the speed of our annual urbanization must make the annual increase of the urban population greater than the net increase of the national population. Only in this way can the per capita cultivated land in the countryside show a momentum of growth."
Tang Hua: "In 1953, the net population increase in the country was 960 million, and the urbanization rate increased from 13.31% to 13.7%..."
Simple calculation, not up to standard.The rural population is still growing rapidly.
Both Tang Hua and Xiao Cao shook their heads and smiled.
To change the [-] million people from the rural population to the urban population, then please give the [-] million industrial population the means of production.Regardless of whether it is a large factory or a small factory, no matter whether it is an enterprise directly under the central government or a township collective enterprise, anyway, we need factories and enterprises.
There is no... have to accumulate slowly.
"This model is a bit simple and rough," Tang Hua said after a while. "After the founding of the People's Republic of China, we worked hard to restore production and rebuild water conservancy facilities. Many arable land that was abandoned during the Republic of China became arable land again. As for cultivated land, I estimate that before 1960, the growth rate of cultivated land area was still higher than the natural growth rate of population. However, there is still a sense of urgency for industrialization.”
……
Chatting on the mountain outside Huangjiachong's village, the two of them didn't intend to go down to the village to search after the chat. They turned around and went back to the parking place and returned to Chongqing.
"So this year's industrial investment in Chongqing is 6 million yuan in heavy industry, and only 1 million yuan in light industry. The purpose is to let the industrial scale grow explosively in a few years."
Xiao Cao asked Tang Hua in the car.
Tang Hua nodded, "However, some of Chongqing's heavy industry investments this year did not provide means of production."
This is the Chongqing Arsenal (Construction Factory).Today's construction plants were expanded earlier and on a larger scale than in history.
The rapid industrial development of the Southwest region will lead to the construction of the third front in the late 60s.
Although the third-line construction is almost all military enterprises and upstream industries built to support military enterprises, the third-line construction has allowed several provinces in the southwest to quickly acquire a large number of factories and industrial workers. The city has expanded, power supply has doubled, and transportation has developed greatly. A crucial foundation was laid for developments in the 80s and beyond.
...It would be even better if not all military enterprises were built on the third front.
...It would be even better if these businesses weren't all built to crazy standards that would survive a nuclear war.
Fortunately, in this time and space, both pieces of good news exist.
Last year, the chairman announced the reduction of troops to 240 million. This is because the chairman and the prime minister foresaw that China may obtain a period of cold peace under the background of the cold war.
The signing of the Geneva Agreement in 1954 proved that this prediction was correct, and China could obtain a 10-year peace period.
Therefore, except for the Chongqing Construction Arsenal, the enterprises that are currently released to Chongqing, and the companies that are released to Chengdu, except Chengfei, are all civilian industries.
Including the crucial 10-ton synthetic ammonia-urea joint production line in Chongqing.
As for the construction standards of enterprises, only the construction of the arsenal has given certain air-raid considerations, and other enterprises are set according to Tang Hua's principle of "how to build with the lowest operating cost".
The third-line construction in those years was characterized by the insane "factory cavernization".
The reactor is in the cave, the plutonium refinery is in the cave, the gun factory is in the cave, the bullet factory is in the cave, the motorcycle factory is in the cave, the warehouse is in the cave, the power plant is also dug into a huge cave, and even the employees of the factory The canteens are all built in caves.
I thought it didn't cost money to drill a hole.
Drilling holes is expensive.If the money is saved, at least two factories can be built with the investment of one factory.
In addition to the overall cavernization, in order to prevent the industrial zone from being destroyed by a tsarist nuclear bomb, it was also built extremely scattered, which made it difficult for these companies to transfer from the military to the civilian population in the 80s-a factory in Chongqing actually produced parts in Guizhou. Logistics costs are high, factory operating costs are high, and workers are unwilling to go to work in such a remote place.
Now the new enterprises in Chongqing are either located near the Yangtze River Wharf in Chongqing, or rely on the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway and the stations along the line, whichever is more convenient.
……
"This is a public-private joint venture Yongli Chemical Chongqing Branch. It has been in operation for several months, and you can tell by the smell of this factory."
Tang Hua and Xiao Cao just passed the factory gate by car, and they could smell the smell of urea wafting from inside.
"This is the Chongqing Agricultural Tool Factory, which uses steel produced by Chongqing Iron and Steel Company."
"The construction factory, the Chongqing Arsenal, has arrived."
建设厂现在独家供应全军的60毫米、82毫米、107毫米迫击炮（的炮弹）、120毫米迫击炮、掷弹筒、75毫米无后坐力炮和105毫米无后坐力炮，另外可以生产50半自动、50班机等枪械、40毫米火箭筒、几乎所有的我军制式的子弹。