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Of course, the old meeting place of the CPPCC has to be remodeled.The original National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference did not have so many deputies, and there were more than 200 deputies to the National People's Congress.After the refurbishment of the venue, the electronic voting and counting system was also updated and expanded. The fresh graduates recruited by the Beijing Computer Institute in 1954 had been busy here a few months ago.
If there is any difference between deputies to the National People's Congress and deputies to the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, it is that deputies to the National People's Congress have more ordinary workers and grassroots cadres, and are no longer just elite meetings of democratic parties and celebrities.So the chairman commented on the first National People's Congress in this way: "the first real people's congress".
"Little Hu, Hu Zhaosen?" Tang Hua saw a mechanic whom he remembered and whose name he remembered from the 112B factory.
"Minister Tang, hello, hello."
"Hmm...Wang Chonglun? Are you from Angang?"
"Yes, yes, Hu Zhaosen and I were coworkers for a while, and Xiao Hu was transferred to Shenyang in 51."
Around Hu Zhaosen, there are a few deputies to the People's Congress from Liaoning, including cadres like Wang Zheng from the Communication Department of the General Staff, but there are more deputies like Hu Zhaosen who almost have the word "worker" written on their foreheads.If you don't believe these people stretch out their hands, they must be full of calluses, maybe even chapped.
For some representatives, Tang Hua had to take Zhou Xuan up to take a group photo when the meeting adjourned in the afternoon.
"See that representative?"
Tang Hua whispered to Zhou Xuan, "From Shanxi. Didn't you act in "Women's Representative" last year? This is a real representative of women. After liberation, she responded to the call of the Women's Federation and mobilized young women in the village to go out of their homes. , to participate in collective production labor. At the beginning, men and women were given 10 divisions of labor a day when they went to the fields, and women were given 5 divisions of labor a day when they went to the fields. She started a labor competition with the men in the village. After a year, she did more farm work than men. The wages are the same."
Zhou Xuan said "Oh" in surprise, "I know, men and women get equal pay for equal work. So it started with her."
Tang Hua: "There is one more thing to note... Don't open your mouth and say 'Sister Shen' when we meet later. She was born in 1929, and she is several years younger than you."
This reminder is really necessary.The representative of Shen Jilan went to Beijing after harvesting the crops in early September, and her dark face "sunburn makeup" has not faded yet.I took a photo with Zhou Xuan and said that Representative Shen was in 9 and Zhou Xuan was in 1929. Those who don’t know them will definitely not believe it.
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The first item on the agenda of the first plenary session of the first National People's Congress: adoption of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
The drafting of the constitution began at the Hangzhou Conference in December 1953.Although there is a common program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a basis, every addition and change of the provisions is carefully considered.For example, if the President of the country is not sure whether to command the national armed forces or to command the national armed forces, he first discusses with Liu Shuai and Nie Shuai, and then brings the legal team over for discussion. Finally, Ye Shengtao and Lu Shuxiang from the language team also After participating in the deliberation, everyone reached a consensus, and then changed the "armed forces" in Article 12 of No.40 to "armed forces".
The draft constitution is issued to each representative, and after three days of deliberation, they are voted on.
The learning and training of the electronic voting counting system took another full hour.This is because the Beijing Institute of Computer Science sent four guidance groups to teach deputies to the National People's Congress how to press the voting machines.
"Oh, oh, I saw my name appear on the screen, but it just flashed, can you try again?"
"Okay, okay, now you can press it again. After you press the button, you are going to speak and express your opinion, and the staff will pass the microphone over there."
Compared with the electronic voting counting system in 1951, this year's vote counting system has enhanced functions.Bring a hard disk, install the Chinese character system, it is actually a dedicated word processing and display machine.
In addition, the electronic voting and counting system is custom-made, not the ZK6425 that is now commonly installed—a font set with 6425 Chinese characters, but 7500 Chinese characters.
The full font library of [-] Chinese characters is being produced one by one, and it has not yet been completed.After the font production is completed, it will not be released until the hard disk is large enough.The font library of the electronic voting counting system is temporarily added for the names of rare characters that appear in the participants.
"After more than 100 years of heroic struggle, the Chinese people finally won the great victory of the people's revolution against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in 1949, thus ending the long period of oppression and enslavement. History, the establishment of the People's Republic of China under the people's democratic dictatorship..."
More than 100 deputies to the National People's Congress who were present pressed the voting device in front of them to vote by name, and more than 1000 color blocks on the screen changed colors.
After three days of review and deliberation, the 1954 version of the Constitution was voted and passed.
……
After the adoption of the Constitution, the Organic Law of the National People's Congress, the Organic Law of the State Council, the Organic Law of the Courts, the Organic Law of the Procuratorate, and the Organic Law of local people's congresses and people's committees at all levels were voted through.
The Prime Minister makes a report on the work of the government, which is deliberated and approved by the deputies.
The fourth item on the agenda is elections.
For secret ballots in the past, a ballot box had to be set up in front of the venue, and more than 1000 representatives present lined up and went to the stage to put their votes into the ballot box, and then opened the box to count the votes, and then determine the number of votes.
Well now, after reading the candidate's name, the representatives just press it after thinking about it.The efficiency doubled, but the journalists lost a lot of opportunities to take representative shots, so they had to turn around and shoot on the big screen on the wall.
Moreover, the photos captured on the large screen will be used in the next day's People's Daily Jiefang Daily.
Election of the chairman, vice-chairman, and chairman of the National People's Congress.
Election of vice-chairmen of the National People's Congress.
This session of the National People's Congress has a total of 14 vice chairmen.
Song Guomu ranked first, of course he could only be him.Then Lin Boqu, Elder Lin, Li Jichen, Zhang Lan... Zhang Xueliang.
Hey, before he knew it, it had been more than a year since he returned to Beijing from Taiwan.
When Zhang Xueliang was elected with a high number of votes, there was endless applause at the venue.
"Jizun Jiangbai Ngawang Lobsang Yixi Tenzin Gyatso..."
Another candidate was read out, and Tang Hua's applauding hands stopped.
"Hey, Minister Tang," the representative Rong Yiren asked curiously at the back of the row, "One of the two great living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism, it is reasonable to appoint him as a vice chairman. Just now Saifuding Ai Ze Don’t you applaud enthusiastically when Zi votes?”
"I... I just don't like this person very much."
Voting session.Tang Hua's hand moved several times between yes and no, and finally he pressed yes.
According to this vote or not, he will always pass with a high vote.
Tang Hua voted for it because of the chairman's face...
In 1951, Lama XIV agreed to the "Seventeen Points", and the process of peaceful liberation of Tibet came to an end. In 1952, the chairman delivered a message through the air: "We can't force people to believe in something, and we can't force people to not believe in anything. The religious issue is ultimately a matter of understanding. At present, we can only adopt the method of persuasion and education, not the method of persuasion."
In September, the Tibetan delegation came to Beijing. On September 9, the chairman specially received Lama XIV and Panchen X, and the two sides talked very harmoniously.The chairman encouraged them to firmly stand on the stand of anti-imperialism and patriotism, to unite well, and to do more useful things for the motherland and the Tibetan people.
Moreover, the Chairman also emphasized that Tibet should not only hang portraits of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, but also Lamas and Panchen Lamas.
Lama XIV presented the chairman with a khata and a golden Dharma wheel engraved with inscriptions, praising the chairman as the reincarnation of Manjushri.Later, when he returned to Tibet, he wrote the "Ode to the Chairman" himself.
……
The National People's Congress meeting is held day by day, because the agenda is very important, and Tang Hua has no possibility of skipping the meeting.
But meetings are limited to meetings.Tang Hua has some things to do, to piss people off and argue, but not at the venue.
Chapter 56, there can only be one Ministry of Machinery Industry
"In addition to the high-tech and large-scale direction of the defense industry, high integration is also an inevitable development direction of the defense industry system. Now, the weapons equipped by different arms and services may correspond to the same defense industry department, such as the navy and air force. The same large-scale anti-aircraft missile is being equipped; the weapons equipped by the same service may come from different defense industry departments. For example, a warship may be equipped with artillery; it may be equipped with missiles; it may also be equipped with helicopters in the future. Warships require long-term storage of armored vehicles."
"The high degree of integration of the defense industry is also reflected in the development and manufacture of equipment. When a certain defense industry department develops a weapon and equipment, it may cooperate with other defense industry departments. This has already shown a trend. The integration of this field will only become stronger in the future. For example, to develop and produce a fighter jet, you need to equip it with cannons and missiles, which are not within the business scope of the Aviation Industry Bureau; you also need to equip it with radar. Finally, aircraft, Both missiles and radars require the Electronics and Information Industry Bureau to provide electronic computers or semiconductor components."
"This kind of integration is a high degree, and requires close linkage and real-time cooperation between several departments, instead of rough or free-range linkage. For example, the fighter jet mentioned earlier, when the designer was initially designed, the designer may give the cannon The weight share of 300 kg is reserved, but in fact, during the development of fighter jets, the technology of the gun department has undergone new developments, or the weight of the cannon has been reduced, and a cannon is only 250 kg; or the lethality of the cannon has doubled But the weight has to be increased from 300 kg to 350 kg. At this time, if there is not enough linkage between the two departments, it will affect the development level of weapons and equipment.”
"In addition, the design and manufacturing level of the national defense industry is also closely related to the basic industrial level. The improvement of the basic industrial level is the driving force behind the revolutionary leap in weapons and equipment... But in general, the basic industry and the national defense industry have a strong relationship with each other. Independent development and management will have little impact on the coordination of weaponry and equipment production. However, if the establishment of various defense industry departments is too complicated and there are too many partitions, it will not only cause the State Council to be overstaffed and inefficient, but most importantly, it will affect The development and manufacture of weapons and equipment."
"Prime Minister, the Ministry of Machinery Industry is the Ministry of National Defense Equipment Industry. It can be responsible for the development and manufacture of weapons and equipment for all services and arms, and can even take into account the field of civilian heavy equipment. A Ministry of Machinery Industry is very good. I do not agree to split it into another The Ministry of Machinery and the Second Ministry of Machinery."
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