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Tang Hua: "Being able to do a good job in the optical system of Blu-ray is already a rapid achievement. I thought I had to go to Dongcai again if it was impossible."
Wang Dayan said with a chuckle: "It's okay. In the past two years, I spent more time next door than in the Institute of Optoelectronics, but Chang Guang was still able to live up to it and didn't hold back. The set of lenses they finalized for use is It started grinding half a year ago."
Changchun Optical Instrument Factory accepted the counterpart assistance from Kazan Optical Instrument Factory. It started from imitating the Su-[-] binoculars military binoculars, Su-[-], then Su-[-], and then a more advanced optical mirror. The optical lens group was knocked down.
According to Wang Dayan's description, Chang Guang assembled experienced and senior technicians to gnaw this thing off by hand bit by bit.
However...whatever it is.do not mind the details.Even if it is mass-produced in the future, the output of this thing is not very large, allowing manual production with the help of modern auxiliary tools.
Everything was ready, everyone came to the front of the test bench, Wang Dayan pressed the switch and started the laser.
A helium-cadmium laser produces a beam of industrial-strength, high-power blue light.On the test rig is a large stack of lenses and prisms held in place by a metal beam-arm structure that is extremely strong.The blue light is expanded first, then reflected, then diverged and parallelized by another lens, and then refracted again...
Finally, the laser emitted from the terminal has become a tube with a diameter of 100 mm, a standard circular beam.
Due to the structure of the laser itself, the laser light coming out of it after starting is a small beam.The optical system made by Changchun Institute of Optoelectronics and Changchun Optical Instrument Factory aims to diffuse this small beam of laser light into a beam of light with a diameter of 100 mm.This beam of light must not only maintain the original almost absolute directivity, but also the power of each area of the beam must be absolutely uniform.
Wang Dayan added a prism reflector to the beam of light emitted from the terminal, and the beam of light projected downward from the test bench was changed to shoot parallel to the left, and shoot to an area on the wall where a radiator is buried.Tang Hua and Wang Dayan put on their sunglasses and went to the wall to look. Although the blue light beam traveled more than ten meters in the air, it was still a perfect circle with a diameter of exactly 100mm.
Become!
Wang Dayan, Tang Hua, and everyone in the laboratory clapped hands in celebration. "Major achievements, the old rules," Wang Dayan said, "Kill a dog to celebrate."
……
Changchun Optical Instrument Factory.
Inspect and commend the advanced in Changguang.Tang Hua and Wang Dayan walked to the construction site of the optical fiber factory next to the instrument factory.
"Mr. Zhao Zhongyao and his team returned to Beijing on March 3. When he returned, the construction site had just begun to shovel the ground. It has been two months now. Although there are still no buildings erected, there are already construction workers and building materials everywhere. "Wang Dayan said, "In April next year, the optical fiber factory will try to mass-produce optical fibers."
Tang Hua: "Optical glass group, is the glass produced now still at the 10dB level?"
"Slightly lower than 10dB, but it may take a while to get away from the 4.5dB target you mentioned."
Tang Hua: "Today's major achievement, you know what it means."
Wang Dayan: "Changchun is going to build a new factory. It's called... a lithography machine factory?"
Tang Hua nodded, "In a broad sense, both contact and non-contact lithography machines are called lithography machines, but I still think that non-contact bottom plate lithography machines are the real lithography machines."
The backplane is the mask.The engineers of Suzhou Hon Hai Company gave it a common name of "bottom plate", and Tang Hua couldn't change it anymore.
Wang Dayan was already a member of Team X when he returned to Beijing last time, so he knew the meaning of what Tang Hua said, but he still sighed: "It costs a lot to take this small step."
For this pile of lenses, Wang Dayan went to retreat in Changchun for three years, and tortured a research institute and an optical instrument factory to the point of death...
Tang Hua: "We now add general-purpose computers and special-purpose computers, and the annual output is only more than 1000 units, so there is no big difference in efficiency. In the future, the annual output of computers and various quasi-systems will increase exponentially. With an annual output of 100 million units, or even 1000 million units, the manufacturing cost of computers will drop exponentially, and only non-contact processes will have a future.”
The backplane is like a negative with a miniature image of the integrated circuit on it.A contact lithography machine places a substrate on a silicon wafer, which is then illuminated with a mercury lamp.But in this way, the photoresist on the base plate and the silicon wafer will contaminate each other, and the pollution of the base plate is more serious.
The United States has tried to use a contact lithography machine to produce chips with a 1-micron process. It was found that when the fifth silicon wafer was engraved, the lines of the mask (bottom plate) began to have flaws, and when the 25th wafer was engraved, the mask (bottom plate) began to have defects. Membrane is completely damaged and unusable.
Now that the X team has just realized the 10 micron process, the life of the bottom plate has been reduced from 16 times at 500 micron to about 200 times.
But in the early technology, the mask had to be in direct contact with the silicon wafer, because a mercury lamp was used at this time, even if the mask was suspended 1 mm above the silicon wafer, the developed pattern on the silicon wafer would immediately become blurred.
So we have to use a laser, a beam of 100 mm in diameter, completely direct, uniform, high-power industrial laser.With it, it doesn't matter if the bottom plate or the mask is suspended by 1mm and a half millimeters, and a clear pattern will still appear on the silicon wafer.
The mask is not in contact with the silicon wafer, so the mutual contamination between the photoresist and the bottom plate does not exist, and the mask can be used for a long time.
……
"Then let's go back to the Institute of Optoelectronics," Tang Hua said, "I'm still thinking about dog meat. Speaking of which, two dogs should be killed today instead of one."
Wang Dayan: "We inadvertently made two major breakthroughs?"
"No. But if you figure out this thing, then I can safely sell the integrated circuit computer."
Chapter 43, the chairman is going to visit Shenyang
"Old Wang, have you read the report on the Inner Mongolia exercise of the 4th Tank Division that I reposted a few days ago? The part of the battalion-company confrontation exercise at night."
Listening to Tang Hua's question, Wang Dayan replied: "I see. The exercise process is simply... a bit unexpected."
1954年5月，全军唯一的T-54坦克师——坦克第4师第10团拉到内蒙古大草原进行几个科目的演习，其中包括营级夜间对抗演练。
This is a comprehensive exercise conducted by the Military Training Department of the General Staff and Armored Forces Commander Xu Guangda in person. The summary of each subject is to be used as a training template for future exercises of the entire army's armored forces.During the night confrontation exercise, the tank soldiers of the 4th Tank Division have sacrificed their experience in using night vision goggles in the past two years, which made the confrontation exercise completely go astray.
Thinking tank soldiers have long discovered that when fighting at night, the active infrared headlights of the opposite tank are like guiding lights.Now the working mode of the night vision device is to turn on the infrared searchlight, which is reflected on the object and is received by the indium antimonide sensing device and converted into a visible picture.If the detection range of the night vision device is 1200 meters, then your own infrared searchlight can be seen by tanks of the same type at least 2400 meters away, and you are still kept in the dark.
More than 20 tanks from each side of the confrontation began to approach and fight at night from a distance of 5 kilometers. The first confrontation, the second confrontation the next day... From the second day on, more and more tanks chose not to turn on the infrared headlights. , The gunner stared wide-eyed to see if the tank on the opposite side turned on the light without thinking.Even if there was nothing on the screen, the tank soldiers didn't want to turn on their infrared searchlights, and the two sides just fought in the dark.
From the third day onwards, "fighting in the dark" has become the norm in nighttime confrontation drills.
Tang Hua: "If the tanks of both sides are equipped with active infrared night vision devices with similar performance, the active infrared headlights will become the culprit for exposing themselves to the other side. The commanders and fighters of the 4th Tank Division are all veterans who fought in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. This point was summed up, so the process of the exercise was particularly unexpected. In the future, passive detection should be the development direction of night vision devices, and active detection may be phased out."
Wang Dayan: "Like the seeker of anti-ship missiles and air-to-air missiles that are being planned?"
"Compared with these two, the same thing is that they both use passive infrared detection," Tang Hua said. "The difference is that the tank's passive night vision device has to be imaged."
Wang Dayan: "Speaking of which, I have really thought about this thing during this time..." "Stop," Tang Hua said again: "Don't limit your thinking to the field of infrared."
Wang Dayan:?
"Visible light night vision devices are electromagnetic waves in the visible band of our naked eyes. An image intensifier is used to enhance the low light we receive, so that the human eye can distinguish the light intensity of the scene."
……
At the Changchun Institute of Optoelectronics, Wang Dayan took out a rough drawing of the passive infrared detection device he took.
"Hey, single-element photosensitive, use mechanical equipment to control the rotation of the lens, and reflect the light to the photosensitive component." Tang Hua looked at Wang Dayan's design, which is a bit like the forward-looking infrared system developed by Texas Instruments in 1956.
"It's just that the whole system is too big," Wang Dayan said, "I just randomly drew a system with 60x60 photosensitive elements, and found that with the optical system, mechanical scanning system and cooling system, the turret was almost full."
60x60 photosensitive originals are 60X60 pixels. With such a small image, everything is blurred.However, the 60X60 night vision device with a blurry image is also very large.This thing needs to be equipped with a cooling system, not a cooling system, because if you want to receive infrared rays with a wide range of color temperatures, the photosensitive element must remain frozen.
"Passive night vision devices we walk on two legs, one direction is the low-light night vision device, the other direction is the infrared imager, and we walk on two legs together." Tang Hua said.
Wang Dayan: "Should they all be handed over to the Changchun Optoelectronics Institute?"
Tang Hua: "You are the only optoelectronic institute in the country. You have also developed night vision devices before. Of course I have no choice."
Wang Dayan: "...Okay. How can passive infrared imaging be improved?"
Tang Hua: "The night vision device with dynamic infrared imaging should not come in a hurry. It may have to obtain two kinds of semiconductor components first. In the final analysis, it depends on your optical system lithography machine."
There are active infrared night vision devices with decent performance, or jump directly to CCD + focal plane array thermal imagers.If the gap period is too large, use a low-light night vision device to top it.