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In the thesis, Zhu Kezhen analyzed several major environmental changes in the geological history that can be verified, and conducted paleometeorological analysis from Chinese historical records to demonstrate the robustness of the Earth's atmosphere and Earth system.
Popular science articles published in newspapers are written even more imaginatively.
"What impact will tactical nuclear weapons have on the offensive and defensive warfare of armored groups? What improvements are needed in armored equipment?"
"It must be noted that NATO may use such a tactic: plant a large number of nuclear landmines on the border between East and West Germany, and detonate them at the same time when a full-scale war breaks out to prevent the advance of the Soviet armored corps. If this happens, the best way is to also use tactical nuclear weapons Attacks on French and Dutch port facilities, major airports in Western Europe."
"The pollution of nuclear weapons may be lower than we expected. If there is a need for engineering, we can even use nuclear bombs to explode underground to build water conservancy projects such as artificial lakes. After the artificial lake is completed, the radiation value will be reduced to within a year. Swimable level."
"The blasting effect and overpressure effect of nuclear bombs are both powerful weapons for huge and difficult projects. In addition to water conservancy projects, in the recent offshore oil development, it can also be used to block underwater drilling to avoid oil leakage. Loss of oilfield reserves and pollution of ocean fishing grounds."
Chapter 25, 1953 Trade Summary
Tang Hua asked Zhu Kezhen to write articles on geophysics and meteorology, asked Liu Shuai and the teaching staff of the Advanced Military Academy to write articles on nuclear tactics, and wrote an article on the alternative use of nuclear weapons by himself, in order to minimize the Soviet Union’s dissatisfaction with nuclear weapons. This will allow China and the Soviet Union to have less resistance when discussing the introduction of nuclear technology in the future.
However, these alternative usage methods ignited the blazing flames of nuclear bombs to transform the earth in Mao Xiong's heart, which is more unexpected.
In the past few days, the State Planning Commission of the Soviet Union has often received calls like this:
"I am the Minister of Construction of the Far East and Trans-Baikal region. We need two atomic bombs to build the water storage lake, which can shorten the three-and-a-half-year project to one year. Can the State Planning Commission allocate two atomic bombs to this department?"
"No."
"I am the Minister of Construction of Oil and Gas Industry Enterprises. I need an atomic bomb in case of a serious accident in oil mining. Does the State Planning Commission have an atomic bomb for me? If not, I will ask again later."
"No, get out"
The number of nuclear warheads in the Soviet Union is far from that of the United States. The United States can manufacture 1949 nuclear aerial bombs of one model at a time. After the miniaturization of nuclear weapons, nuclear artillery shells have also been produced. The Soviet Union has just started mass production after the successful nuclear weapon test in 10. The number of nuclear aerial bombs that can be air-dropped is less than [-]% of that of the United States. The fantasy of nuclear bomb construction should be discussed in a few years.
……
In the last month of 1953, the summary of China's economic data for the year was sent to the central government one after another (for the first 11 months, but basically the data for the whole year can be seen).
The Ministry of Foreign Trade first estimates the import and export data for this year.The total export value was about 61 billion RMB (the central government began to calculate economic data in RMB at the end of this year, and all figures were divided by 1), and the import volume was 74 billion RMB.
61 billion yuan is about 55.4 billion rubles, or 11 billion U.S. dollars.
The export of computer-based electronic products surpassed that of food in 1952, and it is of course also the first this year, with a very frightening growth rate.
1951年电子产品出口额1.89万亿，1952年出口额3.71万亿，刚好压过粮食出口的3.65万亿元。
In 1953, the export value of electronic products was estimated to be 5.6 million yuan (less than 2 yuan), which was far away from No.[-].
The 5.5 million exports of electronic products included 2750 million yuan ($500 million) smuggled out of Hong Kong, in addition to the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries.In the channel of Hong Kong, the shippers and buyers are all private gray channels, but ours is a serious state franchise, and the state ships to "smugglers".
"Because of the state's gold monopoly policy and the increase in gold mining output, in 1953 we not only added 5 tons of gold to the national treasury, but also exported 4.5 tons of gold. In the next few years, the mining of gold mines in various places will be on the right track one after another. The annual output of gold will increase to a certain extent." Ye Jizhuang also said this in the summary meeting.
Now the renminbi is not on the gold standard, and gold is also a commodity that can be exported.
Most of the industrial products produced in China (except electronic products) are not internationally competitive, and no one wants to sell them.What can be sold are grains, minerals, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery specialties - pineapples, bananas, apples, lychees, and sometimes prawns and groupers.But gold has nothing to do with the level of industry. As long as it is pure gold, the gold nuggets all over the world are the same, and someone will definitely buy it.
Or in other words, instead of exporting gold for foreign exchange and then using foreign exchange to buy machines, we use gold to buy machine tools and machines from abroad.
Prime Minister: "From 1951 billion in 27 to 61 billion this year, the export volume has more than doubled in two years, and the Ministry of Foreign Trade has handed in an excellent answer sheet."
Ye Jizhuang: "This is the result of the full support of all walks of life across the country. The domestic society is stable, industrial and agricultural production recovers quickly, more products are produced, and exports naturally increase. In addition, the national transportation system has also become much smoother after the renovation. Import and export are also favorable conditions."
Minister of Textile Industry: "Our silk products were successfully exported to Western Europe in September 1953. This was the first time in the three years since Western imperialism blocked us. It is a great achievement for us to break through the blockade."
"The staff of the Ministry of Foreign Trade have worked very hard in the Soviet Union in the past two years, and their achievements have been particularly great. Our Bureau of Heavy Industry and Electronic Information Industry has to express our gratitude to Minister Ye." Tang Hua said.
1951年底唐华说小型收音机1952年要是能在苏联能卖出10万台就好了。结果1952年收音机真卖出去了10万台，1953年卖了18万台。录音机1952年卖出去两千台，1953年暴增到7500台。
The team of the Ministry of Foreign Trade in the Soviet Union is now almost a product promotion department. The 15 republics and all states of Russia go to hold Chinese commodity exhibitions one by one.
Ye Jizhuang said with a smile: "We sell good stuff. This is the most important thing. The high cost performance does not worry that no one will buy it. As long as the work is done properly, not only will there be no worries about orders, but the Soviets will rush to buy them."
As a country with a planned economic system, stores, commodity departments, and governments all over the Soviet Union actively assisted Chinese comrades in various procedures, and the local governments themselves actively reported to their superiors to change commodity plans.
Not only for the commodity department to have something to sell, but also for the mayors and secretaries of various states and cities. If they can't apply for the import plan, they won't be able to use it at home.
……
"Now our imports and exports are divided into two regions, the Eastern Soviet Union and the Western Countries," Ye Jizhuang added, "Rubles are used for settlements with the Eastern Soviet Countries, and U.S. dollars are used for settlements with the Western Countries. In 1953, the Our import and export trade in Soviet and Eastern countries is in excess, and our import and export trade with Western countries is in excess. Not only did we not receive loans from Western countries, but we also had a balance of about 3000 million US dollars this year, equivalent to about 1.5 million rubles. If If possible, should we transfer the 3000 million U.S. dollars a few times and fill it in the trade with the Soviet Union?"
Prime Minister: "That's not right. The 3000 million US dollars is filled in the Soviet-East Trade side. 1 US dollar is exchanged for 5 rubles. These 5 rubles are actually not worth 1 US dollar."
Of course, the Soviet ruble is not a floating exchange rate system now, it is an exchange rate set by the government, and the price is 1 dollar to 5 rubles.
The Soviet Union did not have much export capacity to the West. In this case, there is no need to lower the exchange rate to facilitate exports. Instead, the exchange rate is set at an inflated high, which is slightly better when buying goods from the West.In short, in the freely convertible foreign exchange market, you can exchange 5 rubles for less than 1 dollar, and the black market exchange price is about 7 rubles.
Wu Xiuquan: "If possible, it is more cost-effective to buy machinery and equipment from the West with these surplus dollars. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs tries to make a fuss. These imperialist countries are not monolithic. Why don't capitalists make money if they have money? Bypass the embargo and do it privately A couple of trades they would definitely like."
Ye Jizhuang: "Now we can use some methods to import special minerals and metals from the West, but machinery and equipment involve enterprises and more complicated transportation routes, so it is not easy to bypass Batumi."
In September 1952, the Paris Coordinating Committee established the China Committee as a specialized agency for implementing the Chinese embargo, and formulated a "special cargo list" for blocking China. In March 9, a total of 1953 countries participated in the embargo against China. In May 3, after the end of the Taiwan War, the number of countries increased to 45.
Of course, it is true that there are 47 countries, but not all of these 47 countries implement it consciously.Moreover, many of them are not industrial countries, and they were pulled to Batumi to boost their momentum.If it is said that it violated the Batumi agreement, the United Kingdom, which was in the first three rows of the rostrum, violated it.
For example, China can get rubber, and it has been buying it on behalf of the Soviet Union. This is because China has traditional non-governmental trade routes with Southeast Asian countries, which can transport hundreds of tons of ants back and forth.
The Olympus engine obtained through a secret agreement with the United Kingdom at the beginning of the year is the highest-level embargoed item on the special manifest.
Prime Minister: "We keep the trade balance with the West first. Now that Batumi's sanctions are severe, it doesn't mean that he can keep it like this in the future. In addition, we must always pay attention to some changes in Batumi and Western countries. If there is a favorable opportunity, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs should give timely feedback.”
……
It is not a problem for the Prime Minister to let foreign exchange be "saved first".
Speaking of which, the Geneva meeting is about to start...
Since France could not survive in Vietnam, it had to hold a conference in Geneva from April to July 1954 to resolve the matter. The Prime Minister brought a Chinese government delegation to the conference.In addition to discussing the peace agreement on the Indochina Peninsula at the meeting, the Prime Minister also exchanged views extensively with representatives of governments, economic organizations and business circles of some Western European countries on the issue of bilateral trade between China and Western European countries.
Then, China set up commercial offices in Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and other countries, and trade personnel exchanges between China and Western European countries gradually became active.
Now China has inherited Chiang Kai-shek's diplomatic embassies in several Western European countries, that is, inherited these diplomatic relations, but both sides have tacitly kept this relationship on paper cold.After Geneva, these relationships, as well as embassies and consulates, are expected to be activated.
The activation of relations with these countries certainly does not mean that Batumi does not exist.But ... it is more convenient for both parties to tacitly violate the agreement in Batumi.
……
As 1954 approached, Moscow was quiet in the snow.
Beria's son Sergo Beria was suddenly arrested in July 1953.He and his mother were living in a small apartment in Moscow region. He was handcuffed when he got home from get off work, and he did not see his mother when he was taken away.
In the past six months, he knew nothing about the changes in the outside world. He only knew that his Ph.D. in physics and mathematics had been deprived, and that he had lost his title of Stalin Prize winner.
"I have admitted to the court the fact that I committed a crime."