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Korolev: "If the satellite data is downloaded only by your receiving station in China, the time window for data reception may be relatively short, only ten or twenty minutes?"
"more or less."
"Data downlink stations should also be set up in the Soviet Union and Mongolia, so that the receiving time window can be increased by 150%."
Tang Hua: "It would be great if Fengyun-[-] could be completed before launch."
After the successful launch of Fengyun-[-], domestic newspapers and magazines reported on the success, but careful people may find that in this article introducing rockets and satellites, the drawings of Fengyun-[-] satellites are similar to those of the previous Qianjin-[-], The sextant satellites are all different, with a lot of surface detail missing.
In fact, there are some places about this 1-ton satellite that should not be made public.Fengyun-[-] is equipped with two sets of visible light photography systems, one is a traditional film camera + point scanning conversion and downlink information currently used by China, the United States and the Soviet Union, and the other is a CCD digital imaging system.
This is the world's first digital camera on the planet. The CCD uses 150X150 pixels, which is very primitive and blurrier than the average person's WeChat avatar.
The image quality of the traditional film camera installed on Fengyun-1200 is much better than that of this digital camera—although the traditional film camera has also undergone electric scanning before returning to the ground, the resolution of the final image is about 1200X1800 pixels. Well, if the focus is accurate enough, it can reach 1800X[-].
The satellite cloud images obtained by the National Meteorological Administration are all images scanned by traditional film cameras, and the CCD digital photos are not made public for the time being, and are kept and studied by the Electronic Information Industry Bureau.The 150X150 pixel nanometer map was shown to the National Weather Service, but they couldn't use it.
But this most primitive satellite digital camera is of great significance, marking the emergence of a new way of obtaining information.
……
"Soviet spaceship program, as we know before, the first two launches were not successful, but that's what we expected."
Korolev spoke.
In May 1960, the prototype of the spacecraft carried by the Vostok rocket successfully lifted off.This prototype spacecraft is mainly to verify whether the manned return module is working normally.When the rocket was launched, the return capsule was ejected successfully and ignited in the wrong direction. The return capsule did not plunge down towards the earth, but flew upwards. I don’t know where it went.
At the end of June, the prototype of the spacecraft carried by the second rocket continued to be tested. Regardless of the first failure, the second spacecraft directly flew with living organisms.This time the rocket lost its chain and exploded tens of seconds after launch, killing two dogs.
According to the plan, the third rocket will still be launched in August, and it will also be tested with two dogs.
"According to the requirements of the Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, we must send humans into space before the Americans. Regarding the current progress of the US space program, although we have failed twice, we still have a great advantage."
"Next, there will be 4 to 8 unmanned test launches of the Vostok rocket. When the simulated unmanned spacecraft succeeds twice in a row, we will conduct real-life launches. This time can be as early as 1961. Finished by mid-year."
"We have exchanged information on these plans before, so I won't go into details," Korolev said, "What I want to talk about today is the next step, the Soviet Union's manned spaceflight after the 'Oriental Plan' is completed." program. Vostok is a one-man spacecraft, and the Sunrise program that replaces it will be able to carry 2 to 3 astronauts."
Tang Hua is now interested. Sure enough, the East Project is followed by the Sunrise Project.What about after Sunrise?
"The spacecraft of the Sunrise Project has completed two breakthroughs: a number of astronauts staying in space and a space walk, and has since entered the alliance planning stage."
The technology that the alliance plans to implement is space docking.After the Soyuz program?Korolev said nothing.
……
"Qian, did you copy the RD-107 rocket engine after you got it?" Kuznetsov asked.
Kuznetsov is an expert in rocket engines among the aerospace experts participating in the Soviet Union.
Qian Xuesen: "Not yet."
RD-107 has an engine with four nozzles, and its performance is mediocre, so I really don't want to imitate it.
Kuznetsov: "Fortunately, there is no imitation. From the perspective of China's aerospace development route and the future space cooperation between China and the Soviet Union, I suggest that you use the 11D51 engine, although it has just begun to be developed."
11D51，以后的正式名字是NK-15，NK是尼古拉·库兹涅佐夫的首字母缩写。NK-15也就是四次放烟花的苏联N-1登月火箭使用的发动机。
Qian Xuesen took the data and research of the 11D51 engine.Sea level thrust of single engine is 152 tons, vacuum thrust is 180 tons, single pump and single nozzle, the structure is very compact.
The sea level specific impulse is 297 seconds, and the vacuum specific impulse is 331 seconds.The thrust-to-weight ratio is also high, reaching over 120.
半个世纪后长征-5用的YF-100发动机，秒比冲也就和它不差上下……但是，NK-15单发推力150吨，而YF-100才100吨……
What's wrong with this thing?The bad thing is reliability...not quite right.
The N-1 rocket was launched four times and failed four times.Although they all failed, the main reason for the failure was that N-1 actually connected 30 NK-15 engines in parallel on the first stage at the same time. It is strange that such a system does not collapse.
后来苏联把NK-15和NK-15V改进成NK-33和NK-43，在21世纪居然也是数据最好看的液氧煤油发动机之一。
……
"Tang Hua, what do you think of this 11D51?" Qian Xuesen was a little rough.
Tang Hua: "The data of this engine is too strong, and I am a little worried that the reliability will not last."
Qian Xuesen: "If we get the data of 11D51 and manufacture it in China, can we use our own quality control and testing system to ensure its reliability?"
this……
Domestic manufacturing and quality control are relatively reliable, but what Tang Hua is worried about is whether the NK-15 has any inherent design flaws.If there are inherent defects, it is not a problem that quality control can solve.
However, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Soviets sold the NK-15/NK-33 in stock to European and American aerospace companies, and those aerospace companies also carried out comprehensive and meticulous testing when they got the samples. It seems that there is no mention of NK-33 in the test report. Inherent flaw?
N-1 exploded in four launches, and some of the failed launches were photographed. The cause of the accident is speculated. It seems that it was not the engine that exploded directly, but the kerosene and liquid oxygen channels of the 30 engines on the rocket’s buttocks. The vibration caused the engine system to collapse.
After thinking about it for a while, Tang Hua said: "Then let's take the technical data of 11D51 and try to produce it ourselves."
Qian Xuesen: "The main reason why I like this engine is that it has a large single-engine thrust. We have just started designing a single-pump single-injection kerosene engine with a thrust of 100 tons. It has already reached 150 tons. Good. We will launch too many satellites in the future, since we can have multiple satellites with one rocket, let’s build a big and cheap rocket and throw the satellites up in clusters.”
Tang Hua: "Yes, the average cost of putting each satellite into orbit will be lower."
"The design of the Long March 11 has been finalized, and that's it," Qian Xuesen said, "But the next model of rocket should be replaced with a liquid oxygen kerosene engine, with an 51D7 engine, a large-diameter rocket body, and 1060 rockets. The engine directly obtains 5 tons of sea-level thrust, and this kind of rocket can launch five satellites into the sky at a time. The rocket does not need to be bundled, the structure is simple, and the price is definitely not as expensive as the bundled version of [-] Long March [-]."
The seven engines of the first stage... Tang Hua shuddered again.
Forget it, just bite the bullet and try it.
……
"Comrade Korolev, does the Soviet Union have any plans to send people to the moon?"
The meeting turned into a technology exchange conference. China sent high-reliability system technology to the past, and the Soviet Union took out the NK-15 engine. In the next two days, Qian Xuesen and Kuznetsov happily discussed the technical parameters and technical principles of NK-15. Hua asked Korolev about the moon landing by the way.
"Oh, manned to the moon. That's something to think about after the Soyuz spacecraft are successful."
This too far-sighted plan Korolev did not say a few days ago.
"We need to use the alliance spacecraft to verify the technology of low-Earth orbit rendezvous and docking before we can determine the future development direction of spaceflight."
Tang Hua: "If the rendezvous and docking of the alliance spacecraft is completed, and the rendezvous and docking is found to be an easy task, then assemble the lunar landing spacecraft in low-Earth orbit and fly to the moon; if the rendezvous and docking is not easy, design a giant rocket once. Is that the idea of putting lunar spacecraft, lunar modules, etc. into orbit?"
"Yes. I personally estimate that the last moon landing time was around 1980. It took 20 years to complete the work of flying from the earth to another planet. This is already a miracle."
After thinking for a while, Tang Hua cautiously asked Korolev a question:
"If Comrade Khrushchev asked you to send people to the moon in the 60s, what would you think of to speed up the manned moon landing project?"
Korolev: "It's impossible."