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Herten fell into deep thought...
……
"In 1958, the Nobel Prize was awarded to the Cherenkov trio, and in 1959 to Segre and Chamberlain who discovered the antiproton," said Tang Hua. "The taste of the Nobel Committee on Physics is elusive. Since If it’s elusive, then it’s not elusive.”
Lang Dao: "However, the Nobel Physics Committee is generally fair and will not favor anything because of race or other reasons. In 1957, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao won the prize."
Tang Hua: "Speaking of this matter, I think they are unfair to you. Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao are also engaged in basic physics research. The theory of parity violation is the most basic physics, which is more difficult than your research. Applied, but awarded."
"I probably offended one or two professors from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences when I was studying in Western Europe in the early years," Landau said, "so they held grudges. But I was also nominated for this year's Physics Prize, and I am very sure."
Tang Hua: "Oh, this year is not so good. According to my gossip, Donald Glaser has a high probability of winning the prize. The bubble chamber he invented is especially useful for laboratories studying particle physics."
When Tang Hua mentioned the bubble chamber, Landau's expression changed drastically: "It would be too ironic if Glaser won an award for inventing an experimental instrument!"
……
"Gentlemen, Tang Hua's nominations are a hodgepodge. He was nominated by different nominating committees for various reasons. This is really rare in the history of the Nobel Prize in Physics. But information theory... information theory is not good, I last year As I said the year before, "Chairman Herten said, "Information theory is a mathematical discovery."
Linde: "But the Fields Medal Committee refused to award the discovery of information theory, they thought it was a discovery of physics. The chairman even said angrily that the Fields Medal could not be awarded to the most complex symbol just to open the root sign and the opposite Simple formulas for numbers, unless the Fields Medal is renamed "Fields Medal in Mathematics for Secondary School Students."
Herten: "Then I can only express regret. The physics community does not consider information theory to be a discovery in physics. Similarly, there are several new development directions in cybernetics, which are also in the category of applied mathematics."
Gustav Yixin: "But apart from information theory and cybernetics, Tang Hua was nominated for several other reasons."
Klein: "Tunneling effect transistors have been nominated for this reason since 1956. Since 1958, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has proposed a new reason, the research on the loss rate of high-purity quartz glass to light. Now there are more A laser was fired, and the whole world has gone crazy in the past six months."
Linde: "I think it's okay to give the prize to Tang Hua for the laser. Einstein has passed away. If it was before 1955, we might have to let Einstein and Tang Hua share the prize money of the Nobel Prize in Physics, it would be embarrassing .”
"Yeah, Einstein would have taunted us for more than half an hour at the awards ceremony, in English and then repeating it in German."
……
Baikal.
The aerospace team meeting had to wait for Korolev, and the physics academic exchange meeting began. Zhao Zhongyao, Zhou Peiyuan, Wu Youxun, Lang Dao and others had a meeting together. Tang Hua found a larger, stable fishing boat and went to the lake fishing.
Don't get involved in theoretical physics.Too crazy.
Lake Baikal is not covered by Quaternary glaciers, and there are still strange animals from the Tertiary Period in the lake. The famous ones are Baikal seals, chub, Omur fish, and even sharks.Of course, it's useless to catch sharks, it's not delicious.The largest is the Dover family, with 25 species of Dover.
"Davarish, how can we catch viviparous shellfish?" Tang Hua asked the captain.
"This fish is in the northern part of Lake Baikal, and it takes us a day's boat to get there," said the captain. "Comrade, you'd better rest, you haven't caught even the best salmon in an afternoon."
Tang Hua looked around him, the fish basket was empty.How many years have passed since I traveled back, and it seems that I have never caught fish, no matter in Wuliangsuhai, Taihu Lake, Beidaihe or Lake Baikal.
If it was in Wuliangsuhai, Tang Hua would have asked the commander of the base directly for grenades, but this was in Lake Baikal... Is there a Soviet military garrison in Lake Baikal?
……
"Hey, Don, you got nothing today."
When Tang Hua disembarked, the physics exchange meeting had long since ended, and Landau was watching from the shore.
"The captain and mate will divide the catch equally."
"On the shore of Lake Baikal, eating the fish you catch is a normal and dignified life."
"Okay," Tang Hua picked up a wire cage from his side, "Then this is the main course for tonight, snake soup."
……
Landau was forced to have dinner with Tang Hua's family on the dining table.First, he threw a small piece of snake meat for Einstein to try. The big black cat ate it happily and was alive and kicking after eating, so Landau was willing to move the spoon.
"I've been thinking about a few questions about quantum mechanics recently," Tang Hua said. "The first one is that in the space structure of 130 nanometers to 90 nanometers, it is a structure of this shape... If the conductor has Current goes through, channel leakage and gate leakage occur, and I'm trying to calculate and figure out the cause of this leakage and then overcome it."
Landau: "It does have something to do with quantum mechanics. But it's too simple, I don't want to study it."
Tang Hua: "The second one, I calculated the quantum tunneling effect when I was doing tunneling effect transistors, and now I want to continue researching on the basis of that. It still has such a shape of the spatial structure, but it is shrunk down to 7-14 nanometers. .If a conductor has a current flowing through it, I have the feeling that electrons can penetrate or cross the potential barrier, even if the height of the potential barrier is greater than the total energy of the particle."
"George Gamow's paper imagined a similar situation..." Landau said half a sentence, and suddenly understood something, "Don, you are using me again. Although I don't understand computers, I can see that , what is drawn on this picture is a triode!"
Chapter 20, China Aerospace adjusts its direction
"Today I'm introducing: High-reliability rocket control technology, this title, because the reliability of the Long March-1 and Long March-2 is indeed relatively high among the launch vehicles of China, the United States and the Soviet Union so far, so I Let’s call ourselves ‘high reliability’ first.”
At the Sino-Soviet Science and Engineering Technology Academic Exchange Conference, Tang Hua first came to the stage to bring out the things to be exchanged.
"We had the concept of a rocket control system from the Long March-1, but the real high-reliability rocket control technology is on the Long March-2, and we will mainly take the Long March-2 carrier rocket as an example."
"Now we use a large number of digital computers in our rocket, satellite and ground test systems, and the relationship between them has realized a three-in-one relationship. The main logical relationship is as follows."
"The flight control system on the arrow consists of four parts: the guidance system, the attitude control system, the timing control system and the power distribution system. Then there is the test and launch control system. Then there is the flight control system."
"The three-in-one concept just now, the ground test system is also part of the rocket's reliability, and they are reflected here."
"The most important thing to talk about is the flight control system. We have realized full assembly and coding on the Long March-2, and the storage flight control system is also completed by integrated circuits."
"Redundant design. When I introduced the design plan of the lunar probe last time, I mentioned the concept of redundancy in multiple sets of systems, and now I will further sort it out."
"The control system adopts system-wide redundancy guidance or partial system redundancy guidance? System-wide redundancy is necessary, because if any part of the entire system fails, it will lead to the collapse of the entire control system. In the end, the Long March-2 It is a four-degree redundant, fully digital flight control system."
……
Korolev: "The first and second Vostok rockets we launched are dual systems, and the respective functions are the platform control system and the strapdown control system."
Tang Hua: "Comrade Korolev, at the strong request of the Ministry of Defense last year, we transferred the army's field artillery computer production technology to you. Now you can produce field artillery computers in Leningrad yourself. Of course, there are some parts that need to be produced. We exported it. Why didn't you drop off some chips and components from that factory for rockets?"
Korolev: "What? I have absolutely no idea."
Tang Hua: ...
"If possible, your control should be upgraded, so that the control system can implement a dual-mode dual-redundant architecture while the volume and weight remain unchanged. If this is the case, then use a specially produced aerospace-grade chip, artillery Although the computer takes into account the harsh environment, the rocket environment should be a little harsher than the artillery.”
"...a summary of reliability issues ended up as a set of 'Long March-2 Rocket Reliability Outline' item sheets. Just like this, from modeling, prediction and allocation, to fault tree analysis, environmental stress screening, ...reliability Sexual growth experiments, analysis and verification, each line of data has a succession relationship."
Tang Hua continued to talk about the system of Long March-2.
"Then there is quality control of components..."
……
On the first day, China and the Soviet Union checked the self-inspection process of space launch and rocket respectively.
"Tang Hua, I heard that your Fengyun-[-] satellite has sent the satellite cloud image back to the ground, and it was very successful."
Korolev first talked about the Fengyun-[-] satellite the next day.
Tang Hua: "It was downloaded to the ground center a few days ago, but the ground center still needs some time for data processing and data graphics and printing. However, in general, the effect is good."