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The so-called platform is to design the frame structure of the satellite, do a good job of testing, and design solar panels, power supply systems, battery energy storage systems, and other things that all satellites need.
After the platform is completed, the things stuffed into it are called "payloads". According to the different loads installed, the platform can be transformed into a photographic reconnaissance satellite, a weather satellite, a communication satellite, ... and so on.
Wang Xiji: "Minister Tang, the Changchun Institute of Optoelectronics has sent new technical progress information. Well, the infrared observation system has gone a long way now, and it may be the first to produce finished products."
Tang Hua: "Infrared observation...is one of them. What about visible light photographic investigation?"
"The high-precision space lens group with a diameter of 610 mm is not yet available at Changchun Optical Instrument Factory."
Tang Hua: "Visible light photographic reconnaissance is really poor. Not only the lens, but also the film return module is a bigger problem than the camera. The return satellite has to be tried first. Old Qian, do you think the Soviet comrades can't be more open-minded? Really regard the space race as a peaceful human technology competition, and use it for war."
Qian Xuesen: "That can't be helped. At least that's how the Soviet Union's space program is currently set up."
……
After the failure of the Soviet Union's Sputnik-[-] launch, it was necessary to launch another rocket to bring the backup satellite of Sputnik-[-] into the sky.
The test equipment installed on the backup satellite has more functions than the first two small satellites, and this step is indispensable.
Then the series of artificial satellites were launched, and the 8K71PS launch vehicle was no longer manufactured.In the second half of this year, Korolev will launch an improved 8K72 carrier rocket. Both the first and second stages will use liquid oxygen kerosene engines, which will be completely separated from the R7 intercontinental missile.
The 8K72 has a capacity of 4.7 tons in low-Earth orbit, which can send large satellites up.But the Soviets didn't plan to use it to launch satellites.
The nickname of 8K72 is "Lunar Launch Vehicle". Its function is to carry the Luna-1A/B/C satellite or the Luna-[-]/[-] spacecraft to conduct orbital observation or hard landing (impact) tests on the moon.
This was the only pursuit goal of the Soviet spaceflight from the second half of 1958 to 1960: the first to throw something on the moon.There is no military space activity.
Chapter 178, Uranium Hexafluoride starts exporting
The Third Machinery Industry Bureau (Aerospace and Ballistic Missile Bureau) was established after the restructuring in 1954, but it has been developing in a limited-scale "money-saving model".
Research institutes in all directions are monogamous.There is one engine test base and one missile test base, and the recently established Taiyuan base can be regarded as a dedicated satellite launch center.The missile/rocket spare parts production plant is also a single line, and the Tianjin Rocket Factory also takes care of the production of ballistic missiles and launch vehicles.
去年11月三发长征-1运载火箭出厂交付之后，天津火箭厂就转入了为第一个弹道导弹旅生产东风-2的任务，到今年4月一共制造了6枚。下半年火箭厂的生产任务是3枚东风-2，其余的产能要用来制造东风-3的阶段性试验弹。
"Our space program really needs to be more stable," Qian Xuesen commented after reading the draft of the Soviet Union's space program. "Their R7 missile and launch vehicle tests were abrupt a few times, and they were on schedule. The first two rounds of the R7 failed, and then 4 successful rounds, the most recent one failed. Failed launches are a waste of money.”
Tang Hua: "The United States and the Soviet Union are launching a space race, and both countries will invest considerable resources in this area. Since the Soviet Union has participated in the competition, it must continue to follow. It is impossible to leave halfway."
Qian Xuesen: "Let's just wait and see for a while."
……
"Counting Ah Kuan who is on a business trip, we have a total of 5 people in the spacecraft office, but now it is also commonly known as the satellite office, so I guess there are enough people. We will set off for the Soviet Union on April 4. The Sino-Soviet aerospace sector will join hands. We will first Get ready."
The Satellite Office is the third department under the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute. Apart from Tang Hua, there are four people in the meeting, Chen Fangyun, Yang Jiaxi, Wang Xiji, and Sun Jiadong.
"Simply speaking, we have two missions this time. The first is to help Soviet comrades update all the electronic systems and control systems of the satellites being manufactured and designed, so this time Yang Jiaxi will go with me."
"The second task is to take out the satellites we are designing and have spectrums. If the Soviet Union is interested in these satellites, they will entrust their rockets to throw these satellites up, and everyone will use them together," Tang Hua continued. Said, "But there is one thing. The development plan of the returnable satellite does not need to be sold to the Soviet comrades. They are also doing it."
Sun Jiadong: "Minister Tang, the satellite with the most spectrum is actually not an infrared satellite, but a communication satellite. Just now, the Air Force has completed a complete set of transponder tests with the Tu-2, and it is perfect. The data downlink rate of a single transponder exceeds 15%. Mega, it’s no problem to connect hundreds of calls at the same time.”
Tang Hua: "Sure enough, it's a problem. Synchronous satellites are not easy to make. The Soviet Union now has rockets for launching low-earth orbit satellites, but they certainly don't have the upper stage for launching synchronous satellites. However, the communication satellites on the No. [-] platform are still Take the plan."
The data downlink rate of 15 Mbps makes Sun Jiadong scratch his head with joy, but in fact the upper limit of the rate of a single transponder is high.
"The electronic reconnaissance satellite is almost finished, but didn't comrades in the Soviet Union design this thing?" Wang Xiji asked.
Tang Hua: "I guess the Soviet Union also had the design of electronic reconnaissance satellites, but they got stuck in data storage. Our electronic reconnaissance satellites are relayed by synchronous satellites and transmitted to the ground station in real time. This is stuck in the synchronous communication satellites."
Wang Xiji: "Actually, the first version of the electronic reconnaissance satellite plan has a data temporary storage function, and it will be downloaded after the satellite passes over our country."
The situation of infrared and optical reconnaissance satellites is simple, and there is no need to discuss it.
……
This time Qian Xuesen's rocket team will also have two people going to the Soviet Union, and they are also preparing materials.But in terms of rockets, probably China will ask Korolev more for advice.
Entering April, the topic of "the first year of the 4nd Five-Year Plan" that was hotly discussed at the beginning of the year gradually faded away. Everyone from all walks of life began to work step by step again, day after day and year after year. It can be called boring, or it can be called the greatness born of the ordinary.
This is the feeling of [-] million people farming together.
In 1957, China's annual steel output was 920 million tons. On January 1958, 1, the national steel plant's production capacity was 1 million tons.That is to say, even if no new steel plant was put into operation in 1050, and no newly expanded blast furnace was completed, the steel output this year would exceed the 1958 million tons mark.
Aluminum output now appears to be somewhat insufficient - Fushun Aluminum Plant, the first modern electrolytic aluminum enterprise, intends to meet the needs of the defense industry, and now the light industry needs a larger amount of aluminum.Baotou Electrolytic Aluminum Plant and Liaocheng Electrolytic Aluminum Plant, the two major electrolytic aluminum plants, will probably start production in June and November, and at least aluminum lunch boxes will be available by then.
"Baotou and its surrounding areas will see great industrial development in the next few years. Baotou Steel and Aluminum Bao have been settled. The smelting and separation of rare earth ore and the application of rare earth alloy steel will be carried out in Baotou. There are also several defense factories, Baotou’s urban supporting facilities have to be planned early.”
After the chief accountant saw the planning of the heavy industry and machinery industry, he found that the permanent population of Baotou was on the verge of exploding.
Jiang Guangne: "Vice Premier Chen, that's not all. In order to balance the gender of workers in Baotou, the wool textile and cotton textile industries have also entered. During the 4nd Five-Year Plan period, there will be at least [-] large factories."
The chief accountant spread his hands, "How many roads and buildings do we have to build?"
……
Baotou's current industry is actually more than steel, non-ferrous metals, machinery industry and those textile factories.
Due to confidentiality and safety, factories in the nuclear industry need to stay away from cities and densely populated places. Therefore, many factories named "Baotou XX Factory" are actually hundreds of kilometers away from Baotou in a straight line.
80 kilometers west of Baotou, a factory with an unremarkable name has been completed in 1957. Its factory area and the surrounding 500 meters have become a military restricted zone.
Although the sign at the entrance of the factory says "Yangchangwan Chemical Factory", you don't need to look at the equipment in the factory building. You can tell that this is not a township collective enterprise just by looking at its huge factory area of 1 km x 1.5 km.
Not only is the factory ridiculously large, but there are also a series of large iron towers - high-voltage transmission lines, extending from the original place, and after entering the factory, it is not known where they are used.
In June 1956, the (used) gas diffusion plant equipment imported from the Soviet Union is here.
The gas diffusion workshop is located in the northwest corner of the chemical plant. The 3-square-meter factory building is a large flat floor with dozens of reinforced concrete columns in the middle, making the structure of this large one-story building extremely strong.
When building a plant that looks like a giant warehouse, the ground is dug 15 meters down, then buried and paved with reinforced concrete. The foundation is so strong that it is no problem to build a giant building with 10 floors above.
"The output port is starting to output." "Receiving raw materials."
From the end of the gas diffusion line, uranium hexafluoride gas is seeping out in plumes.
The place name Yangchangwan is indeed a coincidence. The structure of the gas diffusion plant is like a sheep intestine. The well-sealed metal pressure-resistant pipelines twist and turn around in the factory building, connecting more than 1000 gas diffusion machines. The uranium fluoride gas moves back and forth between the pipeline and the gas diffuser, and it takes about one month from sending it in to being separated out, and this is only the production of low-enriched uranium.
After the uranium hexafluoride gas comes out, it quickly passes through the cooling system and drops below the boiling point. There is no intermediate state, and the uranium hexafluoride directly turns into a solid state and is stored in a steel cylinder.
Each cylinder stores 150 kilograms of uranium hexafluoride, and the gas released today can hold about 10 cylinders. It is low-enriched uranium with an abundance of 235% uranium-4.2.
Uranium hexafluoride gas is sent to the Wulashan Chemical Plant to be separated into elemental uranium metal, and then melted in the Wulashan Special Machinery Plant to be processed into reactor fuel rods of a specified shape, which are used in the plutonium production reactors in Lanzhou and Baotou.
……
"We still insist on walking on two legs, don't we first produce some highly enriched uranium to test a uranium bomb?"
Guo Yonghuai is in the central control room of the factory workshop, watching the situation of the factory area from the snow-stained display wall, and he can see the most from the monitor at the outlet of low-enriched uranium hexafluoride.