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After all the equipment is equipped, Dongfeng-2 has a diameter of 1.7 meters and a total length of 20 meters. The diameter from the tail to the place close to the head is the same. From a distance, it looks like a thin and pointed arrow.
"Last 10 seconds to prepare. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, launch!"
After the missile rose slowly, Qian Xuesen took big steps from the bunker to the ground, just in time to see the Dongfeng-2 missile rising into the sky with its tail flame, gradually turning into a small bright spot.
"Because of the ballistic and the curvature of the earth, the missile will slightly brush into Mongolia during the mid-flight."
Lao Feng also went up to the ground to chat with Qian Xuesen.
"The Americans proposed to the United Nations yesterday that there should be no sovereignty in space," Qian Xuesen said. "Passing through the airspace of a certain country in space is not considered a violation of airspace. Our missiles have already exceeded 100 kilometers in the airspace over Mongolia. According to this standard , is already flying in space."
In the air, the first stage of Dongfeng-2 burned out and was thrown off. The second stage rocket ignited and continued to accelerate the missile to fly westward.
In the desert southeast of Aksu, three radar stations and radio monitoring systems have been built.A few minutes after the Dongfeng-3 missile was launched, the radar here responded.
"The target was captured successfully, with an altitude of 120 kilometers and a speed of 2725 meters per second."
During the high-throw ballistic test firing, the warhead is covered with a heat-resistant layer and a heat-dissipating coating.The warhead is the same this time, but because the missile with a normal ballistic trajectory travels a longer distance in the air when it re-enters the atmosphere, the heat dissipation layer is thickened this time.
Now there is no need for radar tracking. Residents in most of Xinjiang and hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of land in the night sky have seen a bright line in the sky. When the bright line enters the atmosphere, there are several small corners, because it is not burning. The light is emitted by the ionization of the atmosphere, so the bright line does not disperse for a long time.
At the Aksu test site, the commander Lao Kang and the search leader Azhati are both very hard-headed people. They looked up at the sky 5 kilometers away from the missile's scheduled landing point.
Of course, if the missile's deviation reaches 5 kilometers, the probability of hitting their heads is only one in a few million, which can be ignored.
"Like a shooting star!" Azati said.
Lao Kang stretched out his hand holding the telescope, and made a simple positioning with his arms and eyes, "The ballistic trajectory is within the expected range, and the first shot is very good."
……
The simulated warhead of Dongfeng-2 pierced into the sand sea, and the base troops began to search for the warhead.
Qian Xuesen's headquarters in Wuliangsuhai obtained the telemetry data of the first 800 kilometers of the missile.
The headquarters only has one T55 general-purpose computer, which is now dominated by Qian Xuesen and used for calculations.While calculating, write down the calculation results and your own thoughts with a pen and paper.
After calculating with the computer for about an hour, Qian Xuesen put down his pen and picked up the paper full of formulas:
"There is a play!"
Chapter 155, I want to launch a basketball into space
Old money, you want to launch a basketball into space? ! "
Early in the morning, Qian Xuesen came to chat with Tang Hua. When Lao Qian said that he could send a small object into low-earth orbit with Dongfeng-2 and an upper stage, he was so frightened that the melon seeds dropped.
"The data of Dongfeng-2's full-state test launch is very good. The missile carries a load of 2.3 tons and has a flight distance of 2240 kilometers. The maximum speed of the missile is 3553 meters per second. The main reason is that the foundation of the engine is well laid, and the specific impulse per second is in the design and improvement. That's a 5% increase, which is critical."
Qian Xuesen unfolded the design outline of the launch vehicle in the courtyard to analyze the feasibility of launching satellites.
"Based on the weight of the first-generation/second-generation nuclear warheads of the United States and the Soviet Union, we set a load requirement of 2 tons for Dongfeng-2.3. Now we have ready-made rocket engines that can be used as the upper stage. The 2.3-ton load is replaced by 3.4 to With a third-stage rocket of about 3.5 tons, it can send satellites weighing about 60 kilograms into low-Earth orbit."
Tang Hua took the blueprint to look at it, and he looked a little familiar with this launch vehicle system.
Isn't this the Soviet Kosmos-2I?
Kosmos-2I is a launch vehicle modified from SS-4 medium-range ballistic missiles. It was code-named R-12 in the Soviet Union. In fact, it appeared later than R-7 (SS-5), and it was finalized in 1959.The Cuban Missile Crisis, the missiles shipped by the Soviet Union to Cuba is it.
R-12 has a range of 2080 kilometers, which is a little less than that of Dongfeng-2 on this plane.After the Soviet Union stepped into the threshold of the space age with the R-7, it became more and more experienced in launching satellites into orbit. Korolev used the R-12 to modify a launch vehicle to launch small and medium-sized satellites of about 300 kilograms. .
Tang Hua: "If the third stage does not use red smoke nitric acid, but a hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine with high specific impulse, the low-earth orbit carrying capacity of this thing can exceed 300 kilograms. It's a pity..."
Qian Xuesen: "I have begun to design the third stage of the hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine, but it will be difficult to make it within a year or two. By then, Dongfeng-3 may be almost completed. But I have repeatedly calculated that using the existing red smoke nitric acid- Using a hydrazine engine to accelerate, a small object can be sent into space."
Tang Hua: "Actually, I am working on the design of several satellites, the smallest of which weighs 300 kilograms. Your rocket can only send a basketball into space."
Qian Xuesen: "No, no, 60 kilograms is more than a basketball, at least it's a suitcase, and it's still a large size."
Tang Hua: ...
"We will launch a small scientific experiment satellite first, and leave a name in space first. The first satellite still needs to do a lot of verification, such as the impact of the space environment on machinery, the value of cosmic radiation, the interference encountered when communications pass through the atmosphere, etc. , Our first one or two satellites may have to undertake these scientific experiment missions." Qian Xuesen said.
Tang Hua: "Scientific experiments must be done, but leaving a name in space... We may not be able to grab the first one. It's a bit late. The United States is building satellites with great fanfare, while the Soviet Union's propaganda is not strong, but Their progress is actually faster than that of the United States. I estimate that by the end of this year, both the United States and the Soviet Union will launch artificial earth satellites, and their success depends on the result of their gambling."
"If the project is launched now and everything goes according to plan, I am sure that the first satellite launch will be carried out in December 1957." Qian Xuesen said, "The missile/rocket design, testing, and production systems are running well, and they are in good condition. Space club……"
August 1957...
Tang Hua stopped suddenly and looked at Qian Xuesen thoughtfully.
……
The original history line, the Soviet Union's artificial satellite was successfully launched on October 1957, 10.In the last two months, the Soviet Union's first R-4 test was advanced, which may be the result of Korolev's extensive use of computers in the design, but after the failure, the test flight time of the second R-7 did not continue to advance. It may be that the production schedule of the Soviet rocket factory could not be accelerated.
Then a rough estimate is that the first launch of a satellite by the Soviet Union on the home plane may be from September 9th to October 10th.China can't catch up with the horse.
but……
The first US satellite was successfully launched on February 1958, 2...
After being driven crazy by the Soviet Union's preemptive launch of satellites, the United States brazenly launched the Pioneer-TV12 satellite on December 6, and it was broadcast live on television throughout the United States. Under the witness of millions of TV viewers across the United States, the satellite and rocket exploded, and the The launch site was flattened.
When the clouds were gloomy, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which was originally not optimistic, changed the Jupiter-C suborbital rocket, which was originally not optimistic, into a launch vehicle. On February 58, 2, it launched a grapefruit-sized satellite for the United States. Saved some face.
"Let's go to the computer office." Tang Hua said.
……
"Using the precise coordinates of the national land newly set by the General Staff Surveying and Mapping Bureau, substitute the position of the launch pad of Wuliangsuhai No. [-], add all parameters, and high-precision values, and we will calculate the flight trajectory again." Tang Hua said, "By the way, from Taiyuan The launch data of the No. [-] launch tower of the Rocket Launch Center is also counted."
The mainframe of the Computer Institute was quickly occupied by large calculation programs, and it took about two or three days for the results to come out.
"If you are doing artificial satellites, the launch of the first one is going to use a relatively simple ballistic trajectory," Qian Xuesen said. "The orbital inclination is 59 degrees, the perigee is 290 kilometers, the apogee is 1310 kilometers, and the latitude of Beijing is 39 degrees north latitude. Therefore, this satellite It will pass over Beijing."
Tang Hua: "Old Qian, this is a surprise attack. Launching an artificial satellite is equivalent to launching the space program ahead of schedule... I thought it would start after the Dongfeng-3 platform was launched."
Qian Xuesen: "It was only after Dongfeng-2 was nearly completed that I realized that the performance of Dongfeng-2 had reached the threshold of launching satellites. Now the overall technical level of domestic rocket design and manufacturing has exceeded my expectations. With such a foundation, our small A small leap forward can advance China's entry into the space age by several years."
Tang Hua: "Yes, a few years in advance, it may be worth it. It's a pity that the first satellite is a test product. But, to be honest, there is one biggest advantage of launching such a satellite: cheap."
Qian Xuesen: "Let Xinmin tell you, you seem to have designed several kinds of murderous satellites?"
Tang Hua said with a smile: "How did the murderous intent come out... They are all satellites with practical functions, such as agriculture, fishery, scientific experiments... They can be used for military applications, but they don't carry weapons themselves. Let's take a look at these concepts Figure it out."
Tang Hua took Qian Xuesen to his office and pulled out a stack of drawings.
"This is a returnable photographic satellite that takes pictures in space, then ejects the film compartment to return to the ground and lands in a designated area; this is also a returnable photographic satellite, but with 6 film compartments; this is an electronic reconnaissance satellite , it is more complicated, it is a photographic reconnaissance satellite for CCD imaging and space-to-earth communication to transmit image information. There are also communication satellites... Hey, I always consider the design of chip technology after 1960, but as long as the returnable satellite has a large Rocket, it's not difficult to do."
Qian Xuesen looked at several drawings, "Sure enough, the estimated weight of the smallest electronic reconnaissance satellite is 300 kilograms, and the others are larger than this."