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The 1955 data that Tang Hua hadn't finished counting when he left is now March 3, and it has been produced long ago, and a copy is placed on the server of the Planning Commission's data center, and a hard copy is sent to each Planning Commission member's desk.
In 1955, the total domestic industrial and agricultural output value was 1330 billion yuan, an increase of 1954% over 14.95.
Among them, the total industrial output value was 736 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 20.26%, and the total agricultural output value was 594 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 8.99%.
This is all right, in 53, 54, and 55 years, the growth rate of total industrial output value never fell below 20%.But on the other hand, the total national wages and the total supply of consumer goods remained roughly balanced, that is, agricultural products and light industrial products barely kept up with the speed of industrial scale expansion. No wonder the chief accountant did not complain in Moscow for so many days.
However, 1955 was a pass, and 1956 was even more difficult than 1955. In 1956, the capital construction investment planned by the state was 159 billion yuan, but the total capital construction investment in the first three years was only 260 billion yuan, with an average annual investment of 87 billion yuan.
The basic construction here is not building roads and buildings (this is called basic construction), but all industrial construction including road building and building factories.
The sharp increase in capital construction investment means a sharp increase in the number of workers, and a sharp increase in the currency distributed by the state finance.So in 1956, the country must have more agricultural products and light industrial consumer goods in its hands than in 1955, and exchange the money sent to the workers.If these products are in short supply, prices will be difficult to control.
Tang Hua searched in the data center, and found a document with committee-level authority: "Key Points and Difficulties in the Implementation of Financial and Economic Work in 1956", written by the chief accountant.
...It's so convenient, I don't have to go downstairs to ask the chief accountant's secretary for documents.
Chapter 119, 330 kV High Voltage Transmission
Tang Hua not only found it convenient to find the chief accountant's report on the Sibu Yihui intranet.Tang Hua now feels that computers and the Internet have significantly improved the work efficiency and work precision of the State Planning Commission.
When it was first established, the State Planning Commission carried out a "roughly planned economy", which comrades in the Soviet Union complained about.But Deng Zifei, Li Fuchun, and Tang Hua all felt that a little roughness would do.Especially now that China is a rapidly developing economy, the control over the operation of the country cannot be so detailed.
Not only is the development speed fast, but there are also two objective conditions: the national and local government departments do not have so many talents who can carefully control production, the national transportation and communication are backward, and there are statistical black holes.
The economic production of many remote mountainous villages is completely spontaneous, not to mention the country, and the township may not be in control, because it takes about three days to climb the mountain from the town to the village.Comrades in the Soviet Union would never have thought of such a thing.
Now the State Planning Commission is still a relatively rough planned economy, but fortunately, the instructions issued by it have become timely and accurate.
National orders can correct production imbalances, and accurate orders can make the amplitude of the sinusoidal curve of production balance smaller.
……
The chief accountant's report does not speak of 1956 but of 1957.
In 1956, the agricultural output value and grain output were both high. Although the basic investment has increased significantly this year, it is still guaranteed to solve the problem of financial balance.
Grain production is based on a year, and there is a lag between production and consumption. Generally, the agricultural output value of the previous year determines the basic construction of the next year.In the report, the chief accountant worried that the investment in capital construction in 1957 was higher than that in 1956, so whether the grain output in 1956 could keep up.
The chief accountant believes that if, as in 1955, the value of output increased by 9%, then 1957 would be more or less balanced.
Tang Hua first looked at the production-distribution situation of the five urea production bases. Last year, the amount of chemical fertilizer used was about half a year's output of the five production bases. During the spring plowing this year, the amount of fertilizer sent to the fields was already five sets of synthetic ammonia-urea production lines for a whole year. output.Including other miscellaneous urea, the grain in 1956 had an increase of 200-300 million tons only relying on the effect of chemical fertilizers.
Other factors, natural disasters? ... 1956 seems to be okay, not as good as 1955, but better than 1954.There were a few floods caused by heavy rains in the Haihe River Basin, and other problems were not serious: the weather in Henan was smooth, and the Huaihe River and Yangtze River did not flood.
……
Regarding the situation of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, the Bureau of Iron and Steel Industry was the first to see.
Three mini-mills have come on stream in the past two months. Baotou Steel started construction in 3, and the railway from Baotou to Baiyun Obo was opened to traffic. In addition to Baiyun Obo, Baotou Steel also started the construction of a second iron mine to supply Baotou Steel's blast furnace.
Bundled with Baotou Steel's construction project are four factories built by the Bureau of Nonferrous Metals in Baotou, producing six kinds of nonferrous metals and smelting rare earth elements.
1955年全年钢铁产量399万吨，离400万吨只差1万吨。为了压低下半年钢铁产量，鞍钢和本钢各改造了一个高炉-平炉来做下半年的钢铁产量数据。现在很高兴地看到鞍钢和本钢一、二月的钢铁产量已经飞起来了。1956年的钢铁总产量可能会超过历史上1957年中国的钢铁年产量——570万吨。
Angang... How is Angang doing now?
"Minister Tang, after the rectification of Anshan Iron and Steel Rolling Plant in the second half of last year, the enthusiasm of workers has recovered. The technical departments of the rolling mill and Anshan Iron and Steel's factory are operating normally. Workers, engineers, and technicians are very active in production improvement and technological innovation."
General Manager Ma Bin and Tang Hua talked on the phone.
"The major scientific research project assigned to the rolling mill when you came last time, the continuous hot rolling mill, has already started research. Oh, the researchers and professors of the Iron and Steel Research Institute and the Iron and Steel Institute came to Anshan Iron and Steel in October last year, and now They were stationed in Anshan Iron and Steel Rolling Plant, and worked with comrades in the rolling mill to design and tackle key problems, and this year’s Spring Festival was also spent in Anshan.”
Tang Hua: "You have worked hard. It is not yet the first lunar month, so I will give you my best wishes. If the continuous hot rolling mill is successfully developed in Anshan, it will be another major breakthrough in the technological development history of China's iron and steel industry."
Continuous hot-rolling mills have been put into use in the United States in the 40s. By 1945, Pittsburgh had built four continuous hot-rolling mill production lines, but it’s not impossible to buy large industrial products from the United States now.The continuous hot rolling mill in the Soviet Union is still under development and cannot be provided to China for the time being.
Technically, the continuous hot rolling mill is not particularly advanced, but the layout of the factory needs to be adjusted. It is expected that Anshan Iron and Steel Rolling Mill can formulate a plan for the continuous hot rolling mill within one year, and then give them half a year to a year to modify and adjust.
……
In the early spring of 1956, the Harbin Boiler Factory and Steam Turbine Factory manufactured China's first coal-fired boiler and steam turbine generator set.
At the railway station, the steam turbine blades and rotors that have been assembled are like a bundle of cauliflower, lifted into the air by a crane, slowly moved to the top of the wagon, and then lowered.
This set of steam turbines looks light, but in fact it is quite heavy. If one set of systems is placed on a wagon, plus the fasteners, the rest cannot be installed.
The first domestic steam turbine generating set with a power of 5 kilowatts. ... Now the thermal power generation unit starts with a single 30 kilowatts.Small is a bit small, but when several machines are combined, a thermal power plant can supply a large area.
The steam turbine generator set is "basically" domestically produced, with a localization rate of 87% of parts, and domestic parts account for 70% of the total cost.The poor 13% parts that cannot be made in China are more critical, such as the rotor of the steam turbine, and the shaft was not made in France before the [-]-ton hydraulic press was put into use.
Harbin produced 3 sets of steam turbines in the first batch, and then produced 30 more sets in the next two months.Six sets of generating sets form a [-]-kilowatt thermal power station, ready to be transported to Niangziguan, Shanxi for installation.
The Niangziguan Power Plant is used to supply power to Shijiazhuang and North China. The distance from Niangziguan to Shijiazhuang can be met by a 110 kV high-voltage transmission line, but the current construction of the transmission line is 220 kV standard.
"The transmission efficiency-investment ratio of 220 kV transmission lines within a radius of 500 kilometers can reach the highest, and the transmission distance of 500-1000 kilometers is barely competent, but the power in North China may need to be planned on a larger scale."
At the small meeting of the Planning Commission, Tang Hua said the development plan of electric power technology in the next 5 to 10 years.
"Shanxi and Inner Mongolia are rich in coal, while Beijing, Hebei, Henan and Shandong will develop rapidly in the future, and the demand for electricity will increase. Then there are two options, one is to transport coal out of Shanxi, and in North China Build power plants in various places; one is to build pit-head power stations in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, and then transport the electricity out of Shanxi."
Teng Daiyuan: "I am very supportive of the pit mouth power station plan, try not to put too much pressure on the railway transportation system."
Chen Yu: "If power is supplied from Shanxi to North China, for example, to Beijing and Tianjin, the transmission distance is just over 500 kilometers, 600 kilometers to Beijing, and about 700 kilometers to Tianjin. The 220 kV high-voltage transmission scheme is just a competent distance."
Tang Hua: "The current construction is 220 kV, but in the future, the power grid in North China will be joined by the pit mouth power station in Inner Mongolia, and the distance will be even further. In addition, we must consider not only the distance of power transmission, but also the total power transmission. If electricity consumption continues to grow, it may be necessary to build two parallel 220 kV transmission lines at that time, and this investment is not as good as building a higher voltage transmission line."
Chen Yu: "The General Electric Power Research Institute is indeed developing a 330 kV transmission system, and is also planning and demonstrating a plan for a 440 kV high-voltage transmission. It will take 5 years to build a 330 kV transmission line, and another 5 years to upgrade it. to 440 kV. In fact, our first 220 kV transmission line was built in 1953, not long ago.”
Tang Hua: "It's right to develop a generation and plan a generation, which is in line with the research rules. However, the Soviet Union has successfully developed a 330 kV high-voltage transmission system. Can we use Soviet technology to skip the 330 kV?"
Chen Yu: "It would be the best if we can get the 330 kV system from the Soviet Union. We will install one set first, and we will spend two years digesting and absorbing it. When we develop it ourselves, we will go straight to 2 kV system. It only takes seven years."
……
50年代各国高压输电是纷纷跨上300千伏大关：苏联1952年搞出330千伏，美国1954年搞出345千伏，数据最好的是瑞典，1953年铺成了一条380千伏的输电线路。
Then, at the end of the 50s and the beginning of the 60s, high-voltage power transmission leaped from 300+ kV to 400+ kV.
The distribution of China's energy (thermal power) is uneven. Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia have a lot of coal. The coal in North China can only be considered sufficient, and the coal in other regions will not be enough after full industrialization.
Coal is also a low-value energy source that is expensive to transport by train.So much so that in the 21st century, the shipping costs for southern coastal cities to buy coal from Australia are cheaper than shipping coal from Shanxi.
Coal demand in southern coastal cities In addition, if the energy demand in North China and East China is solved by high-voltage transmission now, the industrial development of Hebei will be much smoother in the future. In the past, the coal and power generation capacity of North China supplied Beijing. It is very reluctant, there is no extra electricity to supply the vast small and medium-sized cities in Hebei, so please bear with it for now.
……
Wangfujing.
"Hey, it's pretty good. After so many years, Beijing has finally caught up with Shanghai."