0p0 Page 531
Page 531
"After two months, we finally found the reason: radiation from the steel base of the radio telescope. This huge base slowly releases tiny amounts of alpha particles, along with a handful of other high-energy particles, which hit the extremely sensitive radio telescope. On the receiver, the image appears noisy, making the universe appear to be adding new stars."
"After discovering that the cause of the failure was the quality of the steel base, we immediately started to replace it and issued a new production plan to ask Ural to produce a new base for us."
"Three months later, the new base was shipped to the Pulkovo Observatory, we replaced the old base and threw it 20 kilometers away, and the radio telescope was restarted. This time, strange stars on the cosmic image - that is, noise, More than last time."
"The other parts of the radio telescope were not replaced, they remained the same. Now, we know why."
"The new base still carries a very small amount of radiation. From a numerical point of view, it is 5% higher than the radiation value of the old base."
Kurchatov took a sip of wine to moisten his throat:
"From 1945 to the present, humans have conducted hundreds of nuclear tests in the past 10 years, throwing a large amount of radioactive dust into the air. The dust almost never settles and spreads evenly throughout the world with the atmospheric circulation. Steelmaking uses air , or oxygen separated from the air, the radioactive material thus enters the steel, making the imaging of radio telescopes abnormal."
"Nuclear weapons are changing the earth, forever. Although the current atmospheric baseline radiation value can only be regarded as a very small amount, and if it is increased by a hundred times, it will not have any impact on human health, but the world has been changed by nuclear weapons. There’s no going back to the way it was before.”
……
Kurchatov's story is over.
Tang Hua leaned his head wearily on the high-backed chair.
Things get complicated.
Two or three years ago, I wrote some articles in newspapers and magazines to build momentum, which produced some effects, but it was impossible to brainwash all the top Soviet leaders and top scientists. Tang Hua is not Yuri.
The increase in atmospheric background radiation was discovered by scientists in 55 and 56, and the field of ultra-precision optoelectronic instruments was the first to feel the impact.Finally, under the appeal of global public opinion, several major powers signed the "Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty" in 1963, prohibiting nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space and water. The only nuclear test allowed is a fully enclosed underground nuclear test.
The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty itself has little impact, and underground nuclear tests can completely verify whether nuclear devices/nuclear warheads can be detonated and whether they can reach the required yield.
But let Kurchatov have pessimistic expectations for the future, and that will have a big impact on China's nuclear program.
"Dig deep wells hundreds of meters to thousands of meters deep in the ground, and put nuclear warheads into the deep wells for test explosions, which can seal all or most of the radioactive dust in the ground." Tang Hua's neck and head were still resting on the back of the chair. Turn, said to Kurchatov.
Kurchatov: "Engineering it is quite feasible, maybe this is a remedy."
"As for the base of the Pulkovo Observatory," Tang Hua said, "before low-background radiation steel was smelted, it would be good to use steel components smelted and manufactured before 1945, such as the turret ring of a warship. How big is Corvo's radio telescope? If it is a large telescope, use the turret ring of the 'Novorossiysk', and if it is smaller, use the turret ring of the cruiser."
The Japanese battleship "Mutsu" that blew up and sank, the turret seat was used for this after the war.
Kurchatov's eyes lit up: "It seems that the problem with the radio telescope can be solved soon."
Tang Hua: "China's development of nuclear weapons is aimed at the final elimination of nuclear weapons. There are so many major countries in the world, some of which have nuclear weapons and some do not, so nuclear weapons will never be eliminated. The United States can threaten China with nuclear weapons, but China does not have nuclear weapons to counter it, so how could the United States give up such a useful tool of war?"
"Only when several major powers in the world possess nuclear weapons and have equal means of attack, can negotiations on nuclear disarmament or the abolition of nuclear weapons be possible among major powers. Moreover, out of fear, major powers will not rashly engage in war Nuclear weapons, because these countries have them."
"China has nuclear weapons, and the chances of a nuclear war will decrease rather than increase."
Kurchatov understood. After Tang Hua finished speaking, he nodded, but at the same time spread his hands: "Help build China's nuclear industry. I think what you need now is a special factory."
Tang Hua: "That's right. We need a ready-to-use gas diffusion plant. China is currently making very slow progress in the trial production of gas diffusion machines. The gas diffusion plant and the nuclear fuel element processing plant can save us 5 years of time."
Kurchatov: "The construction of the factory is decided by the General Secretary Khrushchev. You can go directly to him or to the comrades of the State Planning Commission. Moreover, maybe Comrade Khrushchev will agree, and his views may be different from mine. .”
"If we build a factory system for the nuclear industry, will you give us some inspiration when designing nuclear bombs?" Tang Hua still directly raised this question.
"When you encounter difficulties in designing a nuclear bomb, you can find some people and ask them privately," Kurchatov replied vaguely, "You don't necessarily need to ask me for advice. Moreover, if you have conducted a thorough study of nuclear physics, you can You will find that this thing is not difficult."
……
On March 3, the delegation of Li Fuchun, Tang Hua, Luo Shunchu and others packed their bags and left.
"Minister Ye, I hope I can mention that to the Soviet comrades from time to time during the negotiations on Sino-Soviet trade and equipment introduction," Tang Hua said to Ye Jizhuang before going to the Moscow train station.
"The delegation of the Ministry of Foreign Trade will stay in the Soviet Union for two to three months. Members of the Presidium of the CPSU have met with us three or four times in total. If there is a chance to mention this matter, I will speak up."
In the past two years, in terms of the plant system of the nuclear industry, China has knocked down a hydrogen fluoride/fluorine gas plant, a heavy metal chemical plant that produces UF239 gas, and what stands in front of Qian Sanqiang is a gas diffusion plant for isotope separation and Heavy element chemical separation plant for extracting plutonium-[-] from nuclear fuel rods.If these two plants can be crossed quickly, there is also a nuclear fuel element processing plant.
The core of the gas diffusion plant - the gas diffusion machine, is being trial-manufactured in Shanghai.The principle is really not complicated. Everyone knows what is going on with the diffusion film, and the manufacturing process can probably be figured out by fumbling.
There is one thing that is quite scratchy: whether the gas diffuser can operate without failure for 180 days.
Thousands of machines are connected in series in the gas diffusion plant. If the reliability of a single machine is not up to standard, after running for a while, one machine breaks down, "wow" ~, some UF[-] gas leaks, I will ask who dares to go in and repair it.
... It still needs to be repaired, but it has to be shut down for a week, and thousands of gas diffusers connected in series can stop cold, and only repairmen dressed like Iron Man can enter.
Therefore, now Tanghua needs a ready-made gas diffusion plant, with maturely designed gas diffusion machines, mature factory layout, pipeline design, and mature management solutions.This can speed up the nuclear weapons program by three years. The gas diffusion machines and factory equipment brought in can be used as a reference for domestic production plants, and domestic gas diffusion machines and gas diffusion plants can be designed and built in a shorter period of time.
……
When returning home from Moscow, Tang Hua brought a large box of materials, all of which were public and semi-public materials from Poland and Hungary.
Most of these materials are in Polish and Hungarian, and a small part is in Russian.With nothing to do on the train, Tang Hua flipped through these Russian materials.
"I heard that the secretary of Beirut in Poland fell ill after the [-]th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was hospitalized in Moscow." Li Fuchun saw that Tang Hua was following the Polish news, and said.
Tang Hua: "It should be certain that he was affected by that incident."
Li Fuchun: "In 1926, after the Pilsudski coup in Poland, he went to the Soviet Union for refuge and has been working in the Communist International. In 1942, he rebuilt the Polish Workers' Party. He became the chairman because Stalin was very optimistic about him. He led the Polish Workers' Party back to the It can be said that the founding of Poland was only successful under the care of Stalin. Now that the Soviet Union criticizes Stalin so much, how can Beirut bear it.”
"Now... I don't know what Gomulka is thinking." Tang Hua suddenly said.
Beirut was hospitalized for myocardial infarction after listening to the secret report, but it is not sure whether he will die on March 3 as in history.
But regardless of whether he is alive or not, it will be difficult for Poland to calm down in the next few months.
"The CPSU hastily raised the issue of Stalin without adequate ideological and organizational preparations, and the scope of communication was too wide, the speed was too fast, and there was no explanation and education afterwards. It has caused confusion and confusion in thought, division and confusion in society; serious divisions have also emerged in Western Europe and the American Communist Party.”
This was the conclusion reached by the Politburo meeting at the end of 56 after the two great turmoil in Poland and Hungary.
……
The train got off the Trans-Siberian Railway in Irkutsk and went directly to Beijing from the fork through Mongolia.
In March, the snow in Siberia and the Mongolian Plateau has not yet melted, and some parts of the train carriages are still covered with icicles.
This time I went to the Soviet Union, plus the 20 days on the way back and forth, two full months...
The results are not small.A large order was obtained from the State Planning Commission of the Soviet Union. PJX-2 is off to a great start.Other equipment such as the subsystems of guided weapons and the T56 computer are considered daily routines.
The second phase of construction of the nuclear industry was not obtained from the Soviet Union this time.But Tang Hua is not particularly worried. If we don't talk about it this time, we can talk about it in June, but if we can't talk about it in June, we can still talk about it in October.
"Didn't Vice Premier Chen express any views on the economic data in 1955?"
Back at the State Planning Commission-Ministry of Heavy Industry office building, Tang Hua asked a special question.
Zhang Xi: "I didn't say much. If Vice Premier Chen had any opinion, he should have told you in Moscow."
That's right, since the chief accountant didn't complain to Tang Hua in Moscow, it means that the economic data in 1955 did not appear to worry him.