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Or to be more precise, since the founding of the army in 1927, this is the first time that the People's Liberation Army has assembled more than 8 people from the sea, land and air forces. It is not a real war, but an "exercise".
This joint exercise is not only a test field for testing the phased results of the PLA's six-year modernization drive, but also an agreement between China and the Soviet Union:
At the beginning of 1955, the Soviet Army withdrew from China in an all-round way. In June 1955, Luda Naval Base, Air Force Base, and Army Barracks were all returned to the Chinese side. The Soviet Army stationed along the Middle East Railway also packed up and returned home.
For the first time in many years, there are no foreign troops stationed in China (except Hong Kong and Macau).
However, the Soviet Union still hopes that China will verify its own strength: without the support of the Soviet army at all, can the Chinese People's Liberation Army alone withstand any local wars on the Eastern Front, deal with the aggression of the United States and its allies, and be able to fight against the US military? In the context of the use of nuclear weapons, the joint offensive of the US military is still crushed.
This is the background of the entire campaign exercise: the U.S. military opened the way with nuclear weapons and suddenly launched a large-scale landing on the Liaodong Peninsula, intending to completely isolate North Korea by attacking Northeast China. North Korea alone.
This is a style of play that the Soviet Union's General Staff and the Chinese General Staff believed to have the highest chance of winning for the U.S. military (only considering military, not political factors) after deduction.
The red team in the exercise is taking countermeasures against this style of play.
In 1955, the People's Liberation Army deployed the 38th, 39th, and 40th armies in the Northeast, all of which were ace troops that had fought fiercely in North Korea.
According to the suggestions given by the Soviet Union after the Korean armistice in 1953, the PLA had better deploy 3 mobile infantry corps, 3 tank divisions and 3 artillery divisions in the Northeast.
中国的驻军达到了这个要求，而且借着裁军，实现了军内合成化：38、39、40军各裁减一个步兵师，然后将炮兵师和坦克师插进军的编制里。比如现在的38军，就将114师转为了预备役，军内编制坦克1师、炮兵1师、112步兵师、113步兵师和第62高射炮师。
一个军下辖5个师，满员6万6千人，编制310辆坦克、300多门火炮（其中约90多门100毫米以上口径重炮），112和113师都可以叫半摩托化或者“四分之三摩托化”师。
唯一美中不足的是坦克第1师还是个T-34-85师，要再忍耐忍耐，国产55式坦克下线就优先给坦克第1师换装。
……
Qingdao Naval Base.
The cruiser "Chongqing" slowly sailed out of Qingdao Xiaokouzi Military Port, accompanied by 2 frigates and 6 landing ships.
At the end of 1953, the "Chongqing" was repaired and refitted and launched. In 1954, the sea trial was completed and delivered to the Navy.This "story" cruiser that participated in the Second World War was miraculously given a new life.
The repair and modification of "Chongqing" is also different from the modification of the Type 07 destroyer, Keeling class and Fletcher class.It does not have anti-ship missiles installed.
The navy also hesitated whether to change the anti-ship missiles, but in the end, only a set of Hongqi-4 air defense missile system was installed on the bridge platform at the rear of the ship, and all the original three dual-mounted 3mm main guns were retained.
If there is any high-tech aspect, it is that the bridge of the "Chongqing" has been completely dismantled and refurbished. It is a gunboat, but it is also the warship with the strongest command ability in the navy. The number of command personnel, the number of command equipment, the total area of the cabin, and the number of shipboard radio stations all far exceed those of Type 07 or Keeling.
In this anti-landing exercise on the Liaodong Peninsula, the "Chongqing" and the fleet he led acted as the blue army-the invading US fleet.
"Chongqing" plays the role of a battleship of the US Navy.
Now the ammunition depots of the three turrets of the "Chongqing" carry 360 rounds of Soviet-standard 152mm caliber grenades, and all of them must hit the designated area of the exercise ground during the exercise.
Chapter 105, Liaodong Peninsula Anti-landing Exercise
On November 11, the top of Wangjiashan Mountain in Zhuanghe City, Liaoning Province.
The anti-landing exercise on the Liaodong Peninsula officially started 5 minutes later. This 300-meter-high, flat-topped mountain is the viewing platform for the entire exercise.
Not only the red and blue commanders and the director department participated in this exercise, but almost all the major generals/commanders above the main army of the entire army—they were all in Beijing exactly one month ago, and they were just awarded ranks.
Taking this highly synthetic exercise as a live example, let all commanders and staff feel the atmosphere of modern warfare.This is much more intuitive than going to a senior military academy in Nanjing.
In addition to the military commanders, officials from the government and industry were present at the viewing stand, headed by the Premier and Vice Chairman Liu, as well as those who could come from the CPPCC, the State Council, and the State Planning Commission.Not only party cadres, Zhang Zhizhong, Long Yun and other non-Party vice chairmen of the national defense committee and members of the military committee, who came when they had time, also came.
Plus high-level military delegations from the Soviet Union, North Korea, Mongolia, and Vietnam.
Therefore, the top of Wangjiashan Mountain, which is the viewing platform, is now crowded.This is still a lot of army-level commanders and staff officers who are not on the top of the mountain but have been distributed to various army headquarters in Dalian-Anton.
Under Ye Shuai's instruction, the construction of Wang Family Mountain started two months ago, and the key project was a practice sand table the size of a basketball court.
"In the first stage of the anti-landing exercise, the attacking side, that is, the blue side, carried out shelling and air strikes on our coastal fortifications and main targets. In this stage, the red side used air force fighter planes to intercept the incoming combat aircraft of the blue side, and bombers and The attack planes carry out air strikes on the blue team's amphibious landing fleet to weaken the blue team's offensive force and firepower strike density. The ground combat forces do a good job of anti-gun and air defense concealment, and the ground air defense force and the air force fighter planes work together to annihilate certain areas. incoming enemy aircraft."
The commander-in-chief of the exercise is Ye Shuai, and now the deputy commander-in-chief Gan Siqi is explaining to the visiting/observing representatives.
After saying this, the viewing platform heard the faint sound of cannons.This is the shelling of the "Chongqing" to the intended target on the shore.The shooting distance was 16 kilometers, and the shells fell 10 kilometers away from Wangjia Mountain.
They hit real grenades...
The observation group used the binoculars in their hands to look at the shelling site 10 kilometers away, and they could roughly see the smoke rising from the wasteland.
An air bomber flies by, this is the Il-28, which simulates a US bomber.
Twelve Il-28s were in the sky near Wangjiashan, dropped 12 glide bombs, and then turned around and flew back.
Representatives of civil affairs in the observation group:? !
Gan Siqi: "U.S. bombers will use precision-guided bombs to attack key targets and logistics lines of our ground combat forces. This bomb can spread its wings and glide in the air for more than ten kilometers to dozens of kilometers before hitting the target. Can avoid anti-aircraft fire near the target."
10 kilometers away, a row of scrapped cars, mock warehouses, tanks and cannon models were used as targets, and they were named one by one with a bang.
"Comrade Deputy Commander," a representative of the observation group asked, "Why are the bombs dropped so accurately?"
"Yes, in the 27th year of the Republic of China, I was there during the bombing of Chongqing. The bombs dropped by the Japanese bombers were scattered in half of the city."
Gan Siqi: "The so-called precision-guided bomb is to use technological equipment to make the bomb aim at the target and fly towards the target. As long as there is no failure, it can directly hit a target the size of a house or even a truck."
"Is the United States already so advanced? Can our bombs be so accurate?"
As soon as the representative of the observation group asked the question, other representatives within a 10-meter radius were stunned and then looked at him with caring eyes.
Gan Siqi: "Cough... On behalf of comrades, the bomber that passed just now was actually an American bomber played by our air force's Il-28, and the bombs dropped were also made by China..."
When formulating the exercise script, Ye Shuai sent a telegram back to Beijing to ask whether the U.S. military should also have air-to-ground precision-guided weapons with a deviation of 5 meters.The general staff also discussed for a long time, and finally accepted Tang Hua's opinion and let them have it.
After all, the Korean War has been over for more than two years. Regardless of whether the US military has made a breakthrough in laser technology, it can use other means, such as two-way TV guidance, to make bombs/missiles with this accuracy in 1956 and 57.
……
The first principle of large-scale exercises: no confrontation with live ammunition, and no confrontation with live ammunition.
This is a campaign-level confrontation exercise. After entering the formal confrontation stage, of course, live ammunition will not be used in the fight. Now that the live ammunition is fired, it is still in the firepower demonstration stage.
The battlefield of modern warfare is too vast. Although the Wangjia Mountain is 300 meters high, the representatives of the observation group only looked at the smoke column of the "Chongqing" shelling and the targets that were blown into balls of fireballs in the distance, and then there was nothing in the visual range. It was interesting to see that they were all gathered around the sand table as big as a basketball court, listening to the two deputy commanders explain the progress of the exercise.
During this time, the fighter squadron had an air battle with the fighter squadron of the blue team escorting the bombers; the red team's reconnaissance planes found the blue team's fleet at sea, and the mixed bomber and fighter squadron went to strike, and fought with the blue team's fighter jets in the ocean. An air battle broke out in the sky; finally, according to the ruling of the director's department, one-half of the bombers returned, and the remaining half fired YJ-2 air-to-ship missiles.
The YJ-2 ship-to-ship version has a range of 42 kilometers, and the air-to-ship version has a range of 3000 kilometers when launched at an altitude of 50 meters. Of course, the missile did not hit the "Chongqing" formation, but bombed the target ship in Bohai Bay.
The "Chongqing" was not idle either. The plane sent by the director's department gave them two low-altitude targets, and then the "Chongqing" ship and frigate fought with anti-aircraft missiles and small-caliber anti-aircraft guns.
The first climax of the exercise occurred at 03:30 pm.
庄河的某处平原，由38军的一个自行火炮团、39军115师的一个苏式机械化步兵团、40军坦克第四师的一个T-54-2坦克团组成的地面集团整装待命。
500 meters ahead, there are three iron towers more than 50 meters high.
There is something on the iron tower, which looks heavy.