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Tang Hua: "Type 633 has an underwater displacement of 1800 tons. In the future, nuclear submarines will definitely not be able to be made so small. However, when we study 633, we will not only reproduce the appearance of 633, and will not use it on submarines designed by ourselves. We only It is necessary to understand the spirit of submarine design and some basic skills, without copying the entire operation word for word. In addition, we are also trying to get some large submarine technology and even real boats from the Soviet Union."
Peng Shilu: "When I first arrived in Wuhan, I heard that our military ship also had a mission to study M-class small submarines."
"Yeah, the M-class is not a submarine that can fight in the ocean, it's a little guy that can fight in the offshore. You got the blueprint of the M-class last year, so you can think about it. On the basis of the M-class, the displacement is 30%. But the main combat characteristics are still roughly maintained, for example, the number of torpedo tubes can be halved, but there must be torpedo tubes; the endurance can be reduced, but the airworthiness will not be reduced, this is the principle.”
"Make small submarines more flexible? This is indeed a type of submarine..."
Tang Hua: "It's a special submarine."
Peng Shilu: "Deploying some of these special submarines offshore will give us more means of defense against landing on the coastline."
Tang Hua: "No, a special submarine is an offensive weapon."
Chapter 104, The Novorossiysk exploded
Mini-submarines are generally used for coastal breaking and coastal defense, but pocket submarines that are smaller than mini-submarines are not defense, but special submarines used to attack enemy port facilities and ships parked in the port.
When the distance between the ports of the enemy and us is relatively close, the pocket submarine can sail hundreds of nautical miles directly to sneak into the enemy's port.If the distance is relatively far, then a modified civilian ship will take it there, and release the pocket submarine outside the port to attack while the moon is dark and the wind is high.
However, the pocket submarines of other countries are really pocket-sized, just a powered submersible of more than ten tons and thirty tons, which can drag a few tons of explosives underwater.Some pocket submarines are modified with torpedoes, and two handrails are set on the torpedoes, and two divers ride on them and run.
Therefore, when Tang Hua said to use the M-class small submarine to shrink it and change it into a pocket submarine, the researchers of the Military Ship Design Department felt that it was very novel.Such a pocket submarine has very complete facilities: it can launch torpedoes (although it cannot be loaded), there may be a small sonar, there is a ballast water tank, there is an internal combustion engine and a battery, and the endurance is greater than that of a pocket submarine.
"The key issue in the design is how to make this kind of submarine with a weight of more than 100 tons have the same flexibility as a submarine with dozens of tons, and can drill into the port to launch an attack." Tang Hua said.
"By the way, this kind of submarine must be very useful for the Korean People's Army," Peng Shilu said, "Is this kind of submarine used to aid North Korea?"
Tang Hua nodded: "There is also Vietnam. There may be other small independent countries in the future. I believe they can be used."
Peng Shilu: "Our country has achieved peace, and the Americans dare not go ashore to attack us for a short time. ... In the world, we don't know when the next naval war will break out. If submarines appear in the war, we will also You can learn how submarines that have adopted new technologies of the last few years have performed in war."
Tang Hua turned to look at the calendar on the wall.
1955 10 Month 29 Day.
Oh Ho, almost forgot a big thing.
……
USSR, Republic of Ukraine, Crimea, Sevastopol Naval Port.
The [-]-ton battleship "Novorossiysk" was moored in the port. In the early morning, when people were most sleepy, most of the sailors on the ship fell asleep. Only the deck and bridge and a few night shift guards were on duty.
"Novorossiysk" is the former Italian Navy "Julio Caesar". Reparations for sending troops to assist Germany in attacking the Soviet Union.
The demobilized veterans and officers of the Second World War in Italy were very angry at the Soviet Union for obtaining such a battleship. The "Giulio Caesar" had not yet left Italy, but when it was confirmed that the compensation would be paid to the Soviet Union, there was a sabotage attack against the battleship. It didn't work out.
Now the "Novorossiysk" is the largest battleship in the Soviet Navy. Although the battleship is outdated, the 10 320mm main guns on it still look quite majestic.The Soviet Union is also preparing to replace the original Italian secondary guns with new 130mm/L58 naval guns, and the anti-aircraft guns are also fully replaced.
4 o'clock in the morning. The bow of the "Novorossiysk" suddenly exploded, and everyone in the entire port was awakened.The explosion blew a 4x14 meter big hole in the front of the hull in front of turret A, but a [-]-ton battleship would not sink just because of such a big hole.
Admiral Balhemiko, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, gave a very strange order: use a tugboat to tow the severely damaged battleship to a shallow water area.Probably because they were afraid that if the battleship couldn't hold on and sank to the bottom of the sea, it would be easier to salvage places that sank in shallow water in the future.
The horsepower of a single tugboat is not high, and the operation of these three tugboats is a bit against the regulations. Instead of towing and roofing, they all lift the warship on the same side.Then there was only a bang, and the "Novorossiysk" capsized.
……
Three days later, the Soviet General Staff wrote a preliminary inspection report on the accident, and this simple report was also sent to the Chinese General Staff.
"In the early morning of October 10, the Black Sea Fleet's flagship 'Novorossiysk' exploded in the port. The bow and the left side of the front part of the ship suffered a lot of water and sank during the rescue and port transfer process."
"The explosion came from the underwater part of the bow, which was caused by an explosive with an equivalent of 1000 to 1200 kilograms of TNT. The fragments obtained from the scene and the analysis of the signs before and after the incident should be the remnants of the Nazis in Italy driving a pocket submarine. The German-made mine was dragged under the hull of the Novorossiysk and detonated."
When the report was sent, Tang Hua had just returned to Beijing from Wuhan.Hey, it turns out that the Soviets will also throw the blame.
It is basically impossible for Italian frogmen to drive a pocket submarine into Sevastopol. It would take a pocket submarine to sail from Turkey across the entire Black Sea, or rent a converted freighter to drop a pocket submarine in the Crimea peninsula. Submarines, and escaped numerous patrols and went deep into the territorial waters of the Soviet Union to get close to the "Novorossiysk".
This is impossible in peacetime with only a few retired veterans.And the military of Western countries can't afford to organize such provocative actions at the risk of things leaking out.
Decades later, the investigation and deduction of the incident have been carried out many times. Now it is generally believed that the cause of the accident of the "Novorossiysk" was that during the operation of breaking down and anchoring the anchor two days ago, the ship picked up a bullet in the mud, a World War II bomb. At the end of the German retreat, the mines placed in the harbor, under the action of the current, the mines hit the "Novorossiysk" and caused an explosion.
"It's no wonder that Tang Hua proposed to build a pocket submarine smaller than a small submarine two years ago. The largest warship of the Soviet Union's Big Brother has all been planted on the pocket submarine this time."
Marshal Suyu, Chief of the General Staff of the People’s Liberation Army—not the deputy chief of staff/acting chief of staff, but the real chief of staff—read the Soviet briefing handed over by Li Kenong, and he immediately remembered the word pocket submarine.
Tang Hua: "Let's talk about this later. The bombing of the 'Novorossiysk' really caused heavy losses to the Soviet Navy."
When the "Novorossiysk" was transferred by a tugboat, it just flooded and tilted. The captain did not expect that the battleship would sink, so there were nearly 1000 people on board, all of whom were held upside down in the water. 608 people died.
As the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, most of the officers and sailors on the "Novorossiysk" were elites who participated in World War II. This inversion lost 6 Lenin Medals, 64 Red Banner Battle Medals, and 10 first- and second-class guards. 189 Red Star medals, 448 Ushakov-Nakhimov and bravery medals (one person received multiple medals).
The damage from the bombing didn't stop there.Admiral Balhemiko, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, was dismissed to the end, and Marshal Kuznetsov, who insisted on developing large ocean-going warships, was also dismissed from the position of commander-in-chief of the navy.
Li Kenong: "What Tang Hua wrote in his last equipment report was that the focus of pocket submarines is to assist North Korea, North Vietnam and other countries, and their ocean geography is more suitable for pocket submarines to play a role."
Su Yu: "But according to the Geneva Agreement, North Vietnam, like South Vietnam, cannot import or receive offensive weapons assistance from countries other than the Indochina Peninsula."
Li Kenong: "If North Vietnam really has this need, there are many ways to bypass it."
……
Da Shihe, Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
On October 10, the 16 nuclear reactor carried out the first chain reaction of uranium fuel rods. Although the time lasted only 542 minutes before inserting the deceleration rods to re-cool the reactor, the readings of the instruments around the reactor undoubtedly showed that the reactor had just entered the state.
Today, the 542 heap is about to start working continuously.
The heat generated by the world's first nuclear reactor "Chicago One" was directly carried out by water to cool down and dissipate heat. Only a little of the energy was used to generate a 200-watt point and light a light bulb.Of course, the reactor built by the Soviet Union is much more mature. It has a complete primary circuit and a secondary circuit. The secondary circuit is also connected to a steam turbine. The energy of the water vapor drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, with a total power generation of 7000 kilowatts.
The 10-minute chain reaction two weeks ago did not require the water circulation of the primary and secondary circuits to work, but if the continuous operation is successful this time, the 542 reactors will be connected to the grid to generate power to Fangshan, Fengtai and Beijing.
Although Reactor 542 is a scientific experimental nuclear reactor, the electricity it generates casually can cause a little vibration when it is incorporated into the North China Power Network.
Qian Sanqiang took the lead, and most of the researchers of the Institute of Atomic Energy gathered in the control room of the reactor, watching the 542 reactor pull out the speed reducer bit by bit, and the readings of the meters in the control room kept changing until everyone could stop looking at the meters. , Just based on the noise and vibration felt by the ears and body, one knows that the steam turbine tens of meters away is rotating rapidly, and the water vapor washes the turbine blades, making a piercing whistling.
"Success."
Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian took the lead in applauding, and the control room was filled with jubilation.
"The data that has been checked countless times on manuscript paper and in the computer has become reality bit by bit today," Deng Jiaxian said, "but it is also necessary. If there are no 542 piles, we cannot be sure that our calculation manuscripts are accurate today. Not right."
"It will take a long time for the calculations on paper to be fully verified. This is not urgent." Yu Min said, "The most important thing is to shut down the reactor after one week. We need to check the changes in the uranium fuel rods."
……
Liaodong Peninsula, November 11.
The Liaodong Peninsula anti-landing exercise jointly conducted by the three armies is about to start.
The Liaodong Peninsula exercise is the largest, most complex, and most comprehensive military exercise in the history of the PLA.