0p0 Page 459
Page 459
"So the D-1 missile I tend to have a stubby structure, which is why we have successfully verified the two-stage rocket system for the TK-2, but the D-1 and TK-3 have returned to the reason for the single-stage rocket."
Yao Tongbin: "In the past two months, I have spent a lot of time in the Bureau of Nonferrous Metals of the Ministry of Heavy Industry. It can be confirmed that the domestic low-alloy high-strength steel, powder metallurgy and processing machinery will be in place within two months, and the low-alloy high-strength steel is produced in Dalian. , The powder metallurgy parts are produced by Xi'an Cemented Carbide Factory. To this end, we need to redesign the nozzle of the rocket engine to maximize the effectiveness of the new material."
Tu Shou'e: "I have already designed a new rocket engine plan here. If the material parameters meet the standards, the rocket's specific impulse per second can be increased by 5%. I have plans for several different levels of rocket engines. The D-1 main engine, The first and second stage engines of the D-2 also have a prototype stage."
Qian Xuesen took down the engine concept indicators that Tu Shou'e said. "Old Ren, what new developments have you made in the design of the rocket body?"
Ren Xinmin: "According to my research in the 112B factory, I am afraid that the plan will have to be adjusted. The material of the TK-3 sounding rocket and the material of the D-1 projectile body can be different from each other."
Qian Xuesen: "Are you saying that D-1 has relatively high strength requirements?"
Ren Xinmin: "Yes, the technical specification says that the D-1 haul truck must be able to travel on dirt roads and cross some ditches, and it must also be able to resist the overpressure of a heavy bomb that explodes tens of meters away... If the TK-3 It doesn’t have to bear that, so it can be made lighter.”
In the CNC machining center of Factory 112B, Ren Xinmin bought an aluminum-magnesium alloy from Fushun, first processed it into a 30 mm thick arc plate, and then used a CNC milling machine to plan off 90% of the material, and cut the arc plate into a thickness of only 2 mm. There is a 30mm main shell "membrane" and a [-]mm criss-cross web of stiffeners.
This is unimaginable when it is processed by a manual milling machine, or it cannot be done at all. It can be processed by calling a legendary old miller to process the aluminum plate, but the processing speed is very slow.The cost of the legendary old miller is also very expensive.
In contrast, CNC milling machines are not difficult to do at all, the processing speed is very fast, and the average processing cost is only a fraction of labor.
"Originally, the use of aluminum-magnesium alloy casing + anti-corrosion lining can reduce the weight by 100 kg compared with thin steel casing + lining. If the grid structure such as aluminum-magnesium alloy is used, the weight of the entire rocket casing can be reduced by another 60 kg. kg." Ren Xinmin added.
Qian Xuesen also wrote down the new technology that Ren Xinmin found in Shenyang, "It should be very expensive to wait for the grid structure. I think it is better to use it on the larger D-2 and D-3 rockets."
"But as long as you reduce a little weight, the height or speed of the rocket can be greatly improved."
Qian Xuesen: "Don't bet all your treasures on the CNC machining center. We have to use our brains to seek improvements and technological advancements in other places."
……
Along the Dashi River in Fangshan County.
Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The test reactor built in February, after nearly 2 months of rapid construction and equipment installation, the building has been erected.
In March, it was still a large pit of 3 meters by 40 meters. Afterwards, steel bars were bundled, concrete was poured, and the surrounding buildings were covered after the concrete abutment was formed. Water pipes, circuits, outer safety protection walls, etc. were also built in sequence.
The experimental nuclear reactor provided by the Soviet Union was equipped and operated in the Soviet Union. This time, it is easy to directly provide parts and installation drawings. Since the end of July, large and small parts have been transported from the railway to Fangshan, and they are hoisted one by one with the help of construction machinery. go in.
In November, the hoisting of the last large part was completed, and the reactor building was capped.
This is a 7000-kilowatt heavy water reactor, and the Institute of Atomic Energy Sciences named it the 101st reactor.
In the circular walkway around the reactor core of Reactor 101, Qian Sanqiang, Deng Jiaxian, and Soloviev, the representative of the General Administration of Atomic Energy Utilization of the Soviet Union, watched the core. A cylindrical abutment, the equipment to be placed on the abutment is the fuel module - neutron source, uranium 4 fuel rods with a concentration of 235% and graphite rods.
历史上的101堆开工于1956年5月，1958年6月首次运行。70年代，原子能科学研究院还自主进行了101堆的大修改建工程，直接将反应堆的技术水平提升了一代，2019年才正式退役处理。
Deng Jiaxian: "I don't know when the 101st pile can realize the chain reaction for the first time. At that time, the Chinese mastered atomic energy for the first time."
Soloviev: "If all goes well, it will be operational by the end of 1955."
Qian Sanqiang: "Comrade Soloviev, we have nothing to hide from you. China started atomic energy research not only for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, but also to use atomic weapons to defend its country like the Soviet Union."
Soloviev: "Yes, I understand. And I personally think that China has enough reasons and foundations to develop nuclear weapons."
"But if the Soviet Union can continue to provide us with some help, we can develop our own nuclear capabilities faster."
"This is also very reasonable, but," said Soloviev, "about the transfer of nuclear technology, everything has to be approved by the Soviet Workers Central Presidium. We can only make some suggestions, even suggestions from cadres at my level. book, probably won’t reach Chairman Malenkov’s desk.”
……
While the three were talking, a group of people entered the core area of the reactor.
Deng Jiaxian: "Yu Min!"
Yu Min looked up and saw Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian, and waved.
Behind Yu Min are six physics students from Peking University and Tsinghua University who graduated this year.A few days ago, Yu Min took them to inspect the cyclotron laboratory of Tsinghua University. After the inspection, he took a truck through Beijing early in the morning and returned to the Institute of Atomic Energy in the south by car for three hours.
The students reported in July have a 7-month internship period, but in fact, before the 6 reactor is officially put into operation, it can be considered that they have been in the internship period, and they are all interns with top-secret status...
Yu Min is of course also a member of the nuclear project, and a member of the inner circle. In 1926, he graduated from the Department of Physics of Peking University as a graduate student in 1951. Since then, he has been staying in the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Now the Institute of Modern Physics has been restructured into the Institute of Atomic Energy Sciences. He is an associate researcher in the direction of nuclear physics.
Although Yu Min was carrying six graduates behind him, he looked absent-minded, thinking about problems with his hands behind his back as he went up the stairs.
"What are you thinking about?" Deng Jia asked first.
"I'm simulating the work of a reactor here." Yu Min pointed to his head. The blueprint of Reactor 101 was shipped to the Institute of Atomic Energy, and Yu Min read it for three days and memorized all the details in his mind.
"I've already run it in my mind a few days ago," Deng Jiaxian laughed, "After running it a few times, I blew it up."
"This is our associate researcher Yu Min. Although he has no experience of studying abroad, he is very good at nuclear calculations and neutron calculations." Qian Sanqiang said to Soloviev.
Soloviev: "If possible, I might lobby the Soviet Academy of Sciences to invite one or several atomic physicists to come to Beijing to have academic exchanges with you."
"It would be great if there is an opportunity for academic exchanges," Yu Min said.
Deng Jiaxian: "Our Minister Tang Hua has always wanted to do this. If we work together, we may have the opportunity to learn in the near future."
"Minister Tang Hua is now almost the godfather of precision-guided weapons in the Soviet Union and China, and he has a strong sensitivity to cutting-edge basic science," Soloviev sighed, "If you are determined to start a nuclear weapons development program, you may also He should lead."
Qian Sanqiang: "Minister Tang...has been following and caring about the Institute of Atomic Energy."
Chapter 67, Aircraft Workshop in Chengdu
The current structure of the two bomb projects is called "one Tang and two money" by the Prime Minister. In theory, Tang Hua is actually in charge of the nuclear project.
However, Tang Hua didn't need to worry too much about Qian Sanqiang's presiding over the nuclear project.If Tang Hua has something to worry about now, it is how to determine the nuclear project in 1956 and after.
The atomic energy cooperation agreement signed with the Soviet Union in February 1954, the reactors and cyclotrons sent in can be used in China until the end of 2.How to go after that, there are two routes of full independence and partial foreign aid.
Tang Hua first thought of a worse situation, that is, he did not reach a relatively large aid agreement with the Soviet Union from 1955 to 1957.
This starts with the preparation of a hydrogen fluoride-uranium hexafluoride production plant.
At present, there are two factories capable of producing hydrogen fluoride. One is in Changchun, dedicated to the optical glass and optical fiber industries. There was a small factory in the past. Last year, it purchased equipment from the Soviet Union for major expansion. After the expansion is completed, the production capacity will be increased by four times. Double the production will also be used up by glass and optical fiber.
The second plant is in Baotou, the newly-built Xiaguandi Chemical Plant (known as the Baotou No. [-] Pesticide Plant to the outside world). Tang Hua placed this plant in Baotou for the purpose of producing UF[-]. Of course, there is no HF[-] production task. Acids can also produce herbicides.
In Tanghua, Shanghai, we found a simplified method for producing heavy metal fluorides. If this reactor is used as a basis for improvement, a usable uranium hexafluoride plant can be produced - nitric acid dissolves yellow cake, and ammonia is added to make ammonium diuranate. After being reduced to uranium dioxide, hydrofluoric acid is used to generate uranium tetrafluoride, and another line uses hydrogen fluoride to produce fluorine gas, and the fluorine reacts with uranium tetrafluoride to obtain uranium hexafluoride gas.
The difficulty is that if the nuclear project starts, hundreds of tons or even hundreds of tons of natural uranium will need to be made into UF[-] every year. This requires not only scaling up, but also ensuring long-term trouble-free operation of the equipment.
As for the gas diffusion machine, preparations must first be made from the diffusion membrane that is conducive to the separation of uranium-235 and uranium-238.
……
In the past few days, "Little Cao" also came to Shanghai to join Tang Hua.Xiao Cao also left Beijing a long time ago, but stayed in southwestern Shandong and northern Jiangsu for a long time to investigate the damage and post-disaster reconstruction of the Huaihe River this summer, and wrote an investigation report to submit to his superiors.