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5. The Soviet Union sold a graphite reactor for China to conduct research on the principles of atomic energy.At the same time, it sold uranium blocks with an abundance of 4% to China, and attached the reactor blueprint.

6. The Soviet Union presented China with a cyclotron accelerator.

7. China and the Soviet Union hold an engineering physics exchange meeting every year to discuss the progress of knowledge in nuclear physics and nuclear engineering.

Articles 1, 2, and 3 of this agreement actually started to take effect at the end of last year.

There is no way, the Soviet Union has a large demand for uranium, and it is urgent.

The gap between more than 1000 nuclear bombs and more than 100 nuclear bombs is no joke.

So far, none of the uranium mines explored in the Soviet Union exceed 2.6 tons.Two were discovered within the scope of the socialist camp: North Korea's Musan super-large uranium mine, with an estimated natural uranium reserve of 1.3 tons; and China's Xiangshan large-scale uranium mine, with an estimated natural uranium reserve of [-] tons.

The Maoshan extra large uranium mine was discovered in 1951, and the preliminary exploration in that year found more than 2 tons of reserves.However, when the Korean War was not over, it was difficult to start uranium mines. The Soviet Union did not fully construct uranium mines and uranium roughing facilities in Musan, North Korea until May 1953.

Three months after the official construction of the Maoshan Extra Large Uranium Mine, another large uranium mine was discovered in China. In early November 1953, the Soviet Union sent a geological team to verify the size of the uranium mine. In early December, the first batch of mining machinery from the Soviet Union was shipped to Jiangxi.

"Regarding atomic energy, there is a direction that I think both China and the Soviet Union must consider." When discussing the details of the agreement at the end, Tang Hua added the topic, "Nuclear-powered ships."

Kaganovich: "Using reactors to propel ships forward. The Soviet Union is conducting research in this area, but I have nothing to disclose to you now."

Tang Hua: "Installing a nuclear reactor on an icebreaker will have unlimited endurance and icebreaking capability, and it will be able to perform long-term missions in the polar region and easily crush thick ice. Chairman Kaganovich, this is the peaceful use of atomic energy."

Kaganovich: "...Well, according to the agreement, the two countries hold an engineering physics exchange meeting every year. After you have a preliminary grasp of the use and structural characteristics of the reactor, we can discuss it at the exchange meeting."

……

Kaganovich knew that the Soviet Union's nuclear-powered icebreaker program and nuclear submarine program had begun.

And also know that neither project is going too fast, because both projects are having some troubles.

Just a week ago, Peregudov, the designer of the Soviet Union's first nuclear submarine, Project 627, found the second special group of the People's Commissariat of the Armed Forces, the leading group for the nuclear submarine project.

"Because the unit responsible for the power system came up with a dual-reactor plan, the original 4000-ton underwater displacement could not accommodate this power system at all. The expected displacement of the 627 project must be increased instead of compressed to 3500 tons." Pelegudov Said excitedly.

Deputy Minister Noshchenko: "Please don't get excited, Comrade Pelegudov. If the displacement is too high, the cost of the entire project will be overrun."

"Without sufficient displacement, the submarine could not have been designed at all, comrade. The displacement of Project 627 should now be 4400 tons instead of 3500 tons. Well, if you take out that stupid 27-meter nuclear torpedo, maybe you can It is reduced to 4000 tons, but it is absolutely impossible to build a 3500-ton submarine with two nuclear reactors."

Nosenko: "This is indeed an unexpected situation encountered during the engineering design process. Well, if the power system does increase the volume and weight, then it is reasonable for the 627 Project to increase the displacement, but please still design it. The question of the cost of the project, trying to reduce unnecessary weight as much as possible, is a real headache for me. But in any case, Comrade Pelegudov, please don't get excited."

"Displacement is the most critical problem that cannot be bypassed in the design. Now that it can be solved-then I can continue to work, thank you." After Pelegudov finished speaking, he put down the Stechkin submachine gun in his hand.

Chapter 33, Eagle Strike 2 and Eagle Strike-3

Of course, Tang Hua's question about Kaganovich's nuclear-powered icebreaker was out of ulterior motives, mainly because he wanted to talk about the progress of Soviet nuclear submarines.

When the Soviet nuclear submarine was struggling with the design, on January 1954, 1, the "Nautilus" nuclear submarine was launched.

From 1946 when Rickover proposed to put the reactor on the submarine to the launch of the nuclear submarine, the United States prepared for the "Nautilus" for 8 years. The "Nautilus" was smoother than the 627 project, because this submarine was only intended to be a nuclear-powered demonstration boat from the beginning, and other things such as the torpedo system were used from conventional submarines in service.As soon as the Type 627 submarine comes up, it will build a brand new nuclear torpedo more than 20 meters long on the Soviet Union's first nuclear submarine.

In the first half of 1954, Peregudov was calling for the cancellation of that stupid nuclear torpedo as soon as possible and the installation of normal 533mm torpedoes. In June 1954, when the proposal to cancel the nuclear torpedo had not yet been approved by the high-level Soviet Union, Pelegudov started the construction of the first 6-type submarine—of course, it was built according to the design plan of only installing 627 mm torpedo tubes. .

This recklessness of "cutting first and playing later" made the Soviet high-level helpless. In September 1955, the first ship of the Type 9 "re-organized" the official groundbreaking ceremony, and the design plan was finalized in this way.A month after the groundbreaking ceremony, it... went into the water.But the Americans are still faster than the Soviets. At this time, the "Nautilus" has begun to travel around the world with nuclear power.

……

Kremlin.

The flag has a red background, with a red five-pointed star in the center surrounded by five white rings.The three Russian letters "СЭВ" on the top of the flag are the abbreviations of the Economic Cooperation Council.

A meeting between the Economic Mutual Assistance Committee and the Chinese delegation.

Tang Hua went to CIAM today to discuss the development of weapons. The chief accountant and Ambassador Zhang Wentian were the first and second in command to discuss today.

Chief Accountant: "About the issue of the Economic Exchange Conference, in 1951 and 1952, my country had two contacts with the Economic Exchange Conference, and I was present at the second contact. In fact, we raised a demand in both contacts. It is to arrange a business meeting on computers and microelectronics products attended by the 8 countries of the Economic and Mutual Council, so as to facilitate the purchase of computers and microelectronic products in various countries. However, it seems that the Economic and Mutual Council has always forgotten this matter. It's not even open yet."

Suzdarev, Secretary-General of the Economic and Trade Conference: "Sorry, it is difficult to organize and coordinate business meetings that invite 8 foreign trade ministers to participate. In 1952, we missed an opportunity. In 1953, we were busy with domestic economic restructuring. Countries in the Economic and Trade Conference The frequency of communication is far less than in 1952, so business meetings were not held in 1953."

Suzdarev paused and said: "Actually, at this meeting, we still suggest that China prepare to start the process of joining the Economic Exchange, at least as an observer country to try to enter the Economic Exchange system. The purpose of the Economic Exchange, It is to develop mutual trade among member states, organize economic experience exchanges, and provide mutual assistance with raw materials, food, equipment, machinery and other items. Countries in the socialist camp can develop comprehensive economic cooperation on the basis of implementing international division of labor, and can be more Improve the labor productivity and people's welfare of the member countries of the Economic Exchange Council."

Chief Accountant: "Comrade Secretary-General, the international division of labor in the socialist camp you mentioned just now makes our country very difficult."

Suzdarev: "Comrade Deputy Prime Minister, your country wants to enter the mutual trade system of the Economic and Trade Council, but also wants to be independent from the international division of labor system of the Economic and Trade Council. This makes me very embarrassed."

……

On January 1949, 1, at the initiative of the Soviet Union and Romania, a closed-door economic conference was held in Moscow with representatives of the governments of Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia.After the meeting, the countries signed an agreement in Moscow and decided to establish a Mutual Economic Committee.

The Economic Cooperation Council was later called "the European Community of the socialist camp", which is not quite accurate.The early Economic Exchange Council was the executive body of the "Oriental Marshall Plan" of the Soviet Union, and its main function was to send money to Eastern European countries.

Eastern European countries suffered no less damage than Western Europe in World War II. The United States created the Marshall Plan to send money to Western Europe to help Western Europe recover their economies and avoid revolutions; the Soviet Union also needed to send money to Eastern European countries to restore their economies as soon as possible. Hard to say.The Soviet Union's money-giving plan is also known as the "Molotov plan."

Therefore, the Soviet Union established an Economic and Mutual Council, through which the economic aid will be paid, and the aid will be sent to a certain country, and at the same time, a construction plan will be provided: What machines, what industries will your country use this ruble to engage in, and what to produce? The product and the country where the product will be sold later are all arranged.After this arrangement is clear, these countries can not only develop their economies, but also sell the products they produce later to make money. After a few years, they can repay the loan part of the Soviet aid.

However, the Soviet Union used the economic association to send money only in 1949 and 1950, and there was no direct money transfer after that, and the economic and mutual association gradually transformed into a trade organization among socialist countries.However, the function of the Economic Cooperation Council has been transformed, and the function of "responsible for the international division of labor in the socialist camp" has not been changed.

In 1963, the International Economic Cooperation Association (IBEC) was specially established to facilitate the trade of member countries of the Economic Exchange Association. In 1964, the inexplicable thing "transfer ruble" was issued as an international trade currency instead of the Soviet Union's own ruble. . Since 1970, the rise in oil prices has made the Economic Exchange Conference gain momentum. In 1975, the total industrial output value of the member countries of the Economic Exchange Conference accounted for one-third of the world, and joined the United Nations as an observer.

Then from 1975 onwards, the Economic and Trade Council began to go downhill.

The Economic and Mutual Council is still in its early stages, but the rules and regulations in it still make the chief accountant feel that this is not normal.Of course, at the preparatory meeting before setting out to visit the Soviet Union, a decision after discussion was also given.

……

"Let's put it this way," said the chief accountant, "China will definitely develop a complete industrial system, and it will cover almost all industrial and agricultural fields. Because China has a population of 5000 million, as long as any industry is missing, the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union, In addition, the entire economic and mutual exchange meeting cannot solve China's demand for products in this industry. For example, steel, if China does not manufacture steel, which country can provide [-] million tons of steel per year for China's construction? For example, automobiles, if China doesn't produce cars, so which country can supply so many trucks and cars?"

Zhang Wentian: "If as a member state or an observer state, it is necessary to impose certain restrictions on China's industrial structure, then it will not be beneficial to China's development. If China's industry cannot develop healthily, it will be in the socialist camp in the future. Always a lame giant who couldn't play his part."

The chief accountant came to talk with the Economic Exchange, in fact, there is only one thing, that is, whether the Economic Exchange can hold a business meeting on computers and microelectronics products.Other than that, there's nothing to bother the CEC.

China has established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level with all countries in the socialist camp, and they have all established import and export trade channels-but some countries have not developed enough.

Suzdalev failed to bring China into the fold, but on the issue of China becoming an observer state, there are no irreconcilable differences.Suzdarev finally agreed to bring about this business meeting at the prime ministerial level talks in the summer of 1954 or so.

Both sides almost got the minimum results they wanted, and the talks ended smoothly.

……

Southeastern Moscow Oblast, USSR Central Research Institute of Aeroengines (CIAM).

As the state-level scientific research center of the Soviet Union and the source of all Soviet aero-engine technology, the gatehouse of the Central Aero-Engine Research Institute is unremarkable, just like the gatehouse of a middle school in a third-rate county.

The Central Aero-Engine Research Institute was founded in December 1930. It was formed by merging the Propeller Engine Department of the Central Aerodynamics Research Institute, the Aero-Engine Department of the Automotive Engine Research Institute, and the Design Bureau of the Moscow Frunze Engine Factory.At that time, the aero engine was a piston propeller engine, so two of the three companies merged were automobile engine factories.

The main R&D directions and tasks set by the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union for the Central Aviation Engine Research Institute are: predicting the development trend of various types of aircraft in the future, designing new engines, modeling engine workflow, designing small engines, designing aviation piston engines, and designing high-speed engines .

“唐，四年前的590工程下一代被拆分成了P-5、P-6和P-7三个型号，其中P-5和P-6都已经完成了设计，我们这次也顺便为P-7的发动机而来。”