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After changing a slide, the top of the screen is an abstract factory pattern, with a neat row of machine tools in a large workshop.
"The basic form of industry is a factory. Suppose there is a factory here, which can produce three things. The first is machine tools. If this factory is used to produce machine tools, it can produce 100 units per year. The second is submachine guns. If it is used to The production of submachine guns can produce 1000 pieces per year. The third type is watches, which can produce [-] watches per year."
Abstract factory pattern extending three lines followed by three icons of submachine gun, machine tool, watch side by side.
"When this factory makes submachine guns, it is military industry. When it makes machine tools, it is heavy industry. When it makes watches, it is light industry."
"What is the purpose of producing submachine guns? Of course, it is for national defense. Let our army be stronger and better equipped to resist imperialist aggression."
"The production of machine tools is 100 per year. After three years of continuous production, that is, after accumulating 300 machine tools, we can use these 300 machine tools to open a new factory. This is the concept of heavy industry: it contributes to the development of the country. Provide production materials."
"What is the use of producing watches? Of course, they are bought for ordinary people and worn on their hands. This is light industry: what it produces is means of living for everyone to use and consume. Means of living are not means of production, and they cannot be directly used for expanded reproduction What is its function? It is to buy a watch, such a beautiful and shiny thing on your wrist, you will feel that your life is better than before.”
"Of course, light industry will also have an indirect effect on production. For example, if you didn't have a watch before, you would be late for work. Now that you have a watch, you won't be late for work by watching the time. This is equivalent to improving production efficiency. But this is indirect after all."
"The problem now is that we only have one factory in our hands. We can't create another factory out of thin air. So how to arrange the production of this factory? There are 12 months in a year, and it takes a few months to produce submachine guns and a few months to produce machine tools. , How many months will it take to produce watches?"
Tang Hua stacked another slide.
"Suppose our State Planning Commission has made such a plan. This factory produces 50 submachine guns, 2000 machine tools and 50 watches in a year. There are submachine guns, machine tools and watches. The machine tools produce 6 units a year, that is It is said that after 300 years, [-] machine tools will be accumulated and a new factory will be opened."
"Everyone knows the current situation in our country. There are too few factories and too little industrial output value. We must vigorously develop industry, so what should we do? That is to let this factory produce as many machine tools as possible every year, and let the factory become two as soon as possible."
"At the National Day military parade that just passed, the chairman delivered a speech, saying that the PLA will reduce its military strength to 240 million in the future. This is what the chairman, the Party Central Committee, and the volunteer PLA commanders and fighters who fought bravely have won for us. In a peaceful environment, the Americans are scared by us. So in the next few years, we only need to produce 200 submachine guns a year instead of 300."
"In this way, we can produce 60 machine tools per year, and build a new factory in 5 years instead of 6 years as planned."
"So can the speed of industrial development be faster?"
Tang Hua put another slide, the number of watches became 2000-1500=500, and the number of machine tools increased to 75.
"Now, 75 machine tools can be produced every year. We can build a new factory in 4 years. If we continue to maintain it, we will have 8 factories in 4 years."
……
After Tang Hua finished speaking, he paused for a while, waiting for the free discussion of the students below to gradually subside.
The topic has sparked discussion, which means that everyone's minds have started to think.
"...With such a plan, for a period of time, the quality of life of the people of our country will be worse and life will be more difficult."
"Originally there were 4 watches, but now there is only one. 4 workers, only one watch, how to distribute it? We can't just sit on the ground and raise a high price. At that time, we may have to issue a ticket, for example called 'industrial certificate', to produce 500 If there is a watch, then 500 industrial coupons will be issued."
"Work hard. Do we have any other choice? Does the country have any other choice? Since modern times, China has fallen too far behind on the road to industrialization. If we slack off, if we don't seize today's period and try our best If we work hard to build the country, we will once again miss the opportunity of historical development. If we use 20 years of hard work, that is, one generation, in exchange for our descendants not to buy watches with tickets, not only watches can be bought casually, but also factories can produce radios and TVs. , telephones, bicycles and even cars, all without a ticket, ... then it must be worth it.”
"Now, the people have given us the right to choose a development path, and we have chosen such a path, a rapid march of [-] million people moving forward together, so we must shoulder this historical responsibility."
"If due to our work mistakes, 75 of the 15 machine tools produced are broken, and only 200 submachine guns are produced in the time period when 150 submachine guns should be produced, the iron factory is repaired and there is no iron ore supply, and there is no electricity after the factory is built. After the power plant was repaired, there was no coal, and when the coal mine was drilled, it was found that the digging was wrong, and you produced a bunch of planers when it was time to produce milling machines,...then each should be responsible. But I hope that everyone will make less mistakes like this, It's best not to make mistakes."
……
Tang Hua's class has become a discussion meeting and an exchange meeting here.
Some cadres sighed when they recalled the past, some were excited by these words, and some were eager to express their determination to the left and right students.
"The way to make fewer mistakes and not make mistakes is to read this handout." Tang Hua held up the book in his hand, "If the content in the handout does not solve the problems you will encounter in the future, then read more books."
……
"It turns out that your class is to mobilize their enthusiasm and let them lift their spirits to study by themselves."
During class break, Qian Xuesen said to Tang Hua outside the classroom.
Tang Hua nodded, "This is not a university class.... When lecturing to them, the focus is on 'what is this', 'what are we doing', and 'what is the significance of what we do', rather than 'what should we do when we encounter this kind of thing'? what to do'."
...It means pouring chicken soup and beating chicken blood.
……
"A classmate asked during the class break that the big brother of the Soviet Union promised to assist us in industrial construction, but instead of directly supporting us, he gave us a loan. Is it true that the Soviet Union is being stingy?"
In the second half of the class, the atmosphere became lively and interactive.
Tang Hua: "It's easy to understand. The Soviet Union sent a factory to us, and it was loaned to us. So we have two factories, and we can produce 150 machine tools per year according to the industrial ratio we mentioned in the previous class. Two years After that, we returned 300 machine tools to the Soviet Union. The debt was paid off, and the factory became two. It used to take four years for us to change from one factory to two, but now it only takes two years. You say, this is very important for us. Isn't that helping enough?"
"Then what is science and technology? Science and technology means that it is possible that we can only produce 100 submachine guns a year, and the United States still dare not attack us. These 100 submachine guns are worth 200 or even 300 submachine guns before."
"Under certain circumstances, we can only produce watches and not even one machine tool. But there is a premise. What is the premise? That is, our workers have been making watches for generations, and he is particularly good at making watches. The level of manufacturing machine tools is so-so. To what extent are you good at it? That is, one machine tool is exchanged for one hundred watches from other companies. Our watches are famous brands. The big brother of the Soviet Union is willing to exchange one machine tool for eighty of our watches. So we produced in one go 80 watches can be directly exchanged for [-] machine tools, or [-] watches can be produced, and [-] watches can be sold to exchange for more than [-] machine tools.
"We make 1000 submachine guns every year?! Go to other people's homes with guns and bring back [-] machine tools?! This classmate, don't leave after class."
……
Chapter 23, China Academy of Advanced Technology for National Defense
Qian Xuesen raised his pen and wrote the title of the report on the first page of the letterhead:
"Opinions on Establishing my country's Aerospace Industry and Strategic Missile Industry"
"Old Qian, the computer can now input Chinese. Although the input method is not very smooth, it is still more convenient than pen and paper."
Qian Xuesen: "I know typing is more convenient. But I'm not very familiar with this... Simplified Chinese characters. Just write it by hand."
The other person sitting in the office is Tang Hua.Tang Hua was writing the report in front of the computer. The topic was:
"Opinions on the Adjustment of Defense Industry and Advanced Technology Research System"
……
On October 10, Qian Xuesen first went to the Northeast, then went to Shanghai-Nanjing, and then returned to Beijing via Tianjin. The whole inspection lasted three months.After returning to Beijing, I discussed and studied with Tang Hua for more than three weeks, and finally sorted out the current domestic industrial and technological status.
"Tang Hua, you seem to have a special preference for solid propellants and solid rocket motors." Qian Xuesen asked this question on the first day of the research discussion.
From 1950 to more than three years now, it seems that the missiles made by Tang Hua are indeed mostly solid missiles.
In addition to the air-to-ground-1, this cruise missile is a miniature MiG-15, which of course uses aviation fuel and turbojet engines.
The 108 rocket launcher is a solid rocket motor, as are Hongqi-1 and Hongqi-2.The engine of Hongqi-2 is also divided into two types: booster and main body.
The Hongjian-1 anti-tank missile is a small solid rocket motor. The ship-launched version of the Eagle-1 has a booster and a main engine. The air-launched version does not need a booster and is also a solid rocket motor.
Not only that, Qian Xuesen also saw in the Shenyang 112B factory that the two engines to be used in the next-generation field air defense missile Hongqi-4 were also being developed, but the design of the new solid propellant and the engine was carried out in cooperation between China and the Soviet Union. In the 112B factory, several A Soviet with a big nose is working, and it is said that there are several Chinese in the Soviet research institute.
Then the Eagle Strike series is also developing two new solid rocket motors.
"I can't say I prefer it, mainly because it is more suitable for small missiles used by field troops and the first-line combat troops of the navy and air force. The solid engine has better service performance, less maintenance after leaving the factory, easy to store, short preparation time for combat, and easy to transport. The time is also safer and easier. The most important thing is the short preparation time for combat.” Tang Hua said, “Another reason is that the Korean War broke out too quickly. In fact, I am not satisfied with the several solid rocket motors we are using now.”
"I saw that the 112B factory is working on improved engines for two types of missiles."