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Page 386
In this city, a certain group of people is mastering the use of world-leading information technology equipment, while another group of people is making up for China's lessons that were left behind in the 19th century-industrialization.
WISCO is the first super-large iron and steel complex built in Guanyin after the founding of New China.All the large iron and steel complexes before this were built in the Northeast.
In 1951, the chairman said at the meeting, "The iron and steel industry should not be all in the Northeast, but also in the customs. I think it is possible to build one in Wuhan."
Since 1951, Sino-Soviet survey and planning experts have investigated coal and iron potentials near Wuhan, and planned transportation and steel plant sites.
At the beginning of 1952, the preliminary survey was completed, and it was concluded that the coal and iron resources near Wuhan could support the construction of a large steel plant, and the transportation could meet the requirements. Several alternatives with good soil and geological conditions were listed for the site of the steel plant.
After the release of the preliminary survey report, Tang Hua brought the team from the Iron and Steel Industry Bureau back again, and confirmed on the spot that the address of WISCO was located in Qingshan District, Wuhan.After several months of preparation, in October 1952, the construction of WISCO was officially launched, with the goal of producing the first batch of steel in 10-1955.
Tang Hua ended the dispute and obtained funds ahead of schedule, allowing WISCO to start construction earlier than in history. In addition, WISCO, WISCO, and WISCO, relying on WISCO, were arranged in Wuhan.
Tang Hua originally believed that the ships built in the Yangtze River Basin did not need steam turbines, and only planned diesel engines and future gas turbine enterprises. However, at this time, the electric power industry needs to build thermal power stations in the south, so a Wuhan boiler plant and steam turbine plant are ultimately needed.
All of these companies have the basic board of WISCO, or WISCO is one of the basic boards of these companies.
In the summer of 1953, the steel mill equipment in the Soviet Union was not yet in place, and the builders who had gathered in Wuhan had begun to pre-build factories, roads, dormitories and other supporting facilities.
……
Liu Yusu lived to be 26 years old and worked in the construction brigade for 6 years from a textile workshop, but she has never seen a vibrator.
On this day, when Liu Yusu led the women's commando team to water the foundation of the horizontal trestle bridge in Qingshan District, Wu Li came to her and shouted: "Yusu! The vibrator has arrived, and the leader asked us to go to the construction headquarters to get two for use! "
Liu Yusu: "What vibrator? What is it for?"
Wu Li: "I haven't seen it either. Anyway, it's used for watering. The work teams who have used this vibrator say it's good. It's fast and high-quality when the button is pressed.
Liu Yusu raised the hammer in his hand: "Is there anything better than it?"
"We are building key factories now, and the headquarters has higher and higher requirements on our construction quality and construction speed. We must be slow to poke with sticks, and not all of them are as careful as you. If we are a little sloppy, the concrete There will be air bubbles in it. So the leader said, we must use the vibrator."
The two vibrators were loaded onto the trolley, and the commandos pushed the two Soviet treasures to the construction site.
"This thing doesn't look as good as a hammer. It doesn't even have a point. It's a pile of hard iron parts, and the head is still flat."
"Whatever, take it back and try it out."
At the construction site, the girls with their faces covered in mud looked at the vibrator, and then looked at each other, and they all felt that this guy was not easy to handle.
"This vibrator, boss...is it a vibrator? It's so thick and short, can it fit in?" Liu Yusu questioned.
The master electrician who came with the commando pulled the wire of the vibrator to the plug, plugged it in, and turned it on.
The motor roared immediately, the vibrator ran wildly on the freshly poured concrete, and the commandos stood there in a daze.
"Why are you just watching stupidly? Get out of the way, out of the way, let me operate it for you to see."
The master electrician held the handle on the back of the vibrator with both hands, and held it with both arms. The vibrator still jumped on the concrete, but it stopped running around.The master electrician pushes the vibrator slightly forward, and it moves forward in a bouncing way, and it can be done by changing the force slightly to the left or right.
After tamping this piece of concrete, Liu Yusu took the tamping rod and tried to poke it into the concrete a few times. As expected, there were no cavities or air bubbles.
Master electrician: "Our working class is the vanguard, representing industrial productivity, so we should resolutely overcome conservative ideas. We must believe in technology, be able to accept new things, and not always follow the old rules and experience. Remember, construction must think To ensure the quality and quantity on time, it is not possible without a vibrator.”
……
In 1953, in addition to WISCO, there was another major construction in Wuhan, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
In late September 1949, the first session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed a proposal to build the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
However, the next question is: how to build?How to design?Where does the money come from?Where does technology come from?
In January 1950, the Ministry of Railways established the Railway Bridge Committee. In March of the same year, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge survey drilling team and design team were established to start preliminary exploration and investigation.
The result of the exploration survey is the same as the first three surveys from the Sun Yat-sen period to the Chiang Kai-shek period: this bridge is not easy to repair.
At that time, the technical reserves in the field of bridge design in China were insufficient. Even if Mao Yisheng took the stage as the leader of the design team, he would still be scratching his head.
According to the construction plan of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, steel materials must be imported from the Soviet Union to build the bridge, so of course there is also a Soviet expert team.
In this way, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge established the general responsibility structure of the Soviet expert group.
The key technology and core construction parts of the bridge are in charge of by Soviet experts.The Chinese expert group is responsible for some auxiliary designs.Rather than saying that it was a joint design between China and the Soviet Union, it is better to say that Chinese construction and bridge experts took this opportunity to learn from the Soviet Union how to design and build super-large highway and railway bridges.
For example, Soviet experts were responsible for designing piers and bridges, while Chinese experts Liang Sicheng and Tang Huancheng designed the bridgeheads.
Of course, objectively speaking, this bridgehead is well designed.
……
In July 1952, Konstantin Sergeyevich Sirin, a Soviet bridge designer who was only 7 years old at the time, was transferred to the design team of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
Including him, the Soviet expert team consisted of 28 people. Together with the Chinese builders, they undertook the historical task of building the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
When Xilin arrived in Wuhan, he was catching up with the flood of the Yangtze River, and the heat was unbearable.
The Chinese side arranged for Soviet experts to go to Mount Lushan to work in a cool and quiet environment, but Xilin insisted on staying in Wuhan and went straight to the topic of bridge construction.
Xilin is not a bridge expert who came to China after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He had dealt with China very early. He was in the northeast in 1948, helping the Dongye Railway Column rush to repair the damaged Second Songhua River Bridge.
In 1949, Xilin came to China again as a consultant to the Ministry of Railways. When he was scouted to Wuhan in 1952, he was in the Chengdu-Chongqing and Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway Engineering Group, responsible for the bridge design of these two railways.
Xilin was a little puzzled by this sudden transfer. The Chengdu-Chongqing and Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railways hadn't been completed yet.Of course, this was a request made by the Chinese side and a transfer approved by the leading department of the Soviet Union's aid to China. Of course, Xilin complied.
Others don't know the reason, but Tang Hua knows.To make the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge open to traffic ahead of schedule, there is only one thing to do: Get Comrade Xilin across in advance.
……
"As you know, I have just been transferred to the design team of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and I have carefully studied all the design documents of the bridge. Based on a large amount of data and theories, I insist that the 'pneumatic caisson method' should not be used to construct the foundation of the bridge. But the appraisal The committee is full of my predecessors, all of whom are technical authorities, and there is a Soviet academician among them, so I can’t speak.”
Xilin told Peng Min, the third deputy commander of the railway corps and chief commander of the exploration and design of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
Peng Min: "Yes, I read the theory and technical principles of the pipe string drilling method you proposed two months ago. We think this construction method is very promising, but it should be studied and tested in detail. , because it has never been used in China before.”
Xilin: "It has never been used in the Soviet Union, because the Soviet Union did not have the Yangtze River. Now we can use new methods to build bridges on the Yangtze River, so I hope to get the support of Chinese comrades."
In order to reduce the difficulty of engineering construction, the total length of the bridge must be shortened when choosing a site for the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.But the problem is that where the Yangtze River is narrow, the water is often deep and the current is relatively fast.The maximum water depth of the selected bridge site is 40 meters.
The air pressure caisson method is to sink a highly airtight working room into the river. The construction personnel work in this working room to lay the foundation of the pier, and do not need to dive when working.However, the depth of 40 meters has exceeded the limit of the air pressure caisson method, and it is very difficult for workers to breathe, and even nitrogen anesthesia may occur.
After Xilin came to Wuhan last year, he read the geological data near the Yangtze River Bridge, surveyed the bridge site again, and proposed the pipe string drilling method.
Although the planned site of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is very deep, it has another advantage, that is, the geology at the bottom of the river is very solid.After ignoring the less thick layer of mud, the underlying rock formation is very complete and solid.Xilin intends to drive the shaped reinforced concrete hollow pipe strings into the bedrock of the riverbed, use a large drilling rig to drill holes in the rock disk inside the pipe strings, and pour concrete into the holes to combine the pipe strings with the rock formations, and then construct Cofferdam, building caps and piers.
The string drilling method can safely and quickly repair the piers, and because the strings "grow" firmly into the rock like teeth, the piers are super strong.
When Xilin introduced his new theory and engineering technology for the first time, the Chinese and Soviet engineers present were lost in thought.No one has tried the new method before, so who can be sure?