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"In the next step, we will build a chip production line in Shanghai and Beijing. When building a production line for a dust-free workshop, you should stop dismantling gas masks and get some activated carbon to make a filter box."
Tang Hua still mentioned the dust-free workshop just now.
"Shanghai and Beijing each have a chip production line, which means that integrated circuit computers are going to mass production?" Xie Xide asked.
"No, the computer that will be mass-produced and released to the public next year is the T54. Now the Shanghai Computer Institute is working on the detailed design, and the design may be almost completed." Tang Hua said, "It's still a transistor computer. We will produce a small batch of computers using integrated circuits. , let’s name it X54, and it will not be sold to the public.”
Huang Kun: "Yes, our integrated circuit technology is too far ahead."
Tang Hua: "Less than half of 1953 has passed, and the X team will continue to work on the technological level in the remaining half a year. Since it can theoretically reach 10 microns, it will charge towards this goal. X2 will also be produced in February next year. By then Whether to use X54 or X5304 depends on your research achievements."
Huang Kun: "There shouldn't be too many X54s produced, right?"
"There won't be too many X54s, but I plan to use 5304 or 5404 to build a large computer system, which will use up a lot of chips. Oh, by the way, in addition to the 5304 computer microprocessor, there are two other chips now, so We have to tackle key problems as soon as possible, and give a timetable as soon as possible for whether we can break through 10 microns and when we will break through 10 microns. Only when we know what process is being used now can we make an engineering design drawing of the chip.”
Xie Xide: "In my opinion, let's just decide to die on December 1953, 12. More than five months, I think it is enough."
Tang Hua looked at Xie Xide and Huang Kun: "Using this timetable, do you have a plan?"
Xie Xide: "There is a spectrum, but we have to transfer two senior technicians from Hon Hai to join the X team."
Tang Hua: "At the end of June, no, I will go to Shanghai in three days. Then I will personally go to the Hon Hai factory to choose two people."
After the breakthrough of integrated circuit technology, all kinds of chips will appear overwhelmingly.
Computer encryption chip - this has to wait until the encryption system is designed before starting to design a targeted optimized chip, and it can't be moved yet.The first thing Tang Hua wants to do is in the field of industrial control - pre-programmed embedded application chips.Texas Instruments produced TMS1802NC two months earlier than 4004.
The second is the main chip of the fire control computer.In the future, this fire control computer chip will have many branches.It even includes the flight control system chip - it depends on when Shen Fei can design/imitate fighter jets by himself.
……
Qian Xuesen is still wandering around Beijing in the past few days, and he should be visiting the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences soon.
After visiting Beijing, he will go to the Northeast to see the industrial base of rocket and ballistic missile manufacturing.
In the laboratory of Team X, Tang Hua began to assemble the first integrated circuit computer—that is, the prototype of X54.
When the design of the X5300 series chips was finalized, Hon Hai began to make circuit boards, and it was easier to make small objects such as chassis.
Selecting a group of chips that looked the least faulty when tested individually, Tang Hua pressed the chips on the circuit board one by one.
I used to feel similar to this when I used the 74LS chip to do big homework.Speaking of the 74LS series chips, I almost forgot that this thing should be produced in batches. Some devices with simple functions can be produced directly, and they can also be used as teaching aids for Tsinghua University and University of Electronic Information.
Tang Hua was the main installer, and Huang Kun and Xie Xide were assistants. The three of them hurriedly installed the contents of the case and connected the bulky monitor with a display system.
Turn on the power, the screen lights up.
The birth of the first integrated circuit computer was as simple as that.Of course, the X team did a lot of tests after producing the chip, but it was the first time to use everything and connect it to a CRT monitor to light it up.
Feel the case around you—the real case, about the same size as the large full-tower desktop cases of later generations.Of course, it can be made so small because this computer does not have a hard disk.
"Who... who has the cube game? Get it on this computer." Tang Hua said.
……
"Peace martyrs Rosenberg and his wife are buried
"The funeral of American peace martyrs Rosenberg and his wife was held at the funeral home in Brooklyn, New York on the afternoon of the 21st. 2 people braved the heat to pay their condolences. The funeral formed a majestic demonstration.
After the remains of the Rosenbergs, who died heroically in New York's Sing Sing Prison on the [-]th, were moved to the Brooklyn funeral home, there was an endless stream of people to pay their respects. "
"Chairman of the National Committee for a Fair Judgment in the Rosenberg Case, Mr. Branning, delivered the eulogy first. He said: We believe that the Rosenbergs were sacrificed for all of us, and we must continue to fight for the cause they both stood for." Rosen In the end, the Forts had faith in the America we wanted."
……
Tang Hua listened to the radio and could only sigh with emotion.
The Rosenbergs were charged with espionage by the US government, sentenced to death at the end of March, and executed in June.
The Rosenbergs did have ties to Soviet intelligence, but all evidence was false when the pair were convicted.The main evidence for the judge's judgment turned out to be a confession rather than physical evidence, and that confession was actually false.In other words, the US intelligence agency and judicial system did not discover the information that Rosenberg passed to the Soviet Union. Instead, the couple were accused of "conspiring to steal US nuclear information and leak it to the Soviet Union".
"Sentencing was based on the Espionage Act of 1917 for "espionage in time of war," but my client was accused of crimes at a time when the United States and the Soviet Union were not at war. In fact, the Soviet Union and the United States had never We did not declare war on each other." In court, the Rosenbergs' defense attorneys objected.
"The death penalty is not only for their espionage, they are also responsible for the victims of the Korean War."
Seeing what Judge Ruwen Kaufman said, Tang Hua couldn't help but sneer.
The United States has really lost miserably and desperately in North Korea.
As the saying goes, the more anxious you are, the less successful you will be, and the more anxious you will be, the more chaotic you will be.
Not to mention anything else, William Shockley, who invented the first transistor and explained the principle of the transistor, is now suspected of leaking secrets and is excluded from the core of national defense and scientific research.
Tang Hua was also paying attention to the development of the American electronics industry and computers. By early 1953, they still hadn't made a big leap.
However, in late 1950 or early 1951, the United States seized walkie-talkies using transistors from the Korean battlefield. In June 1951, a radio command controller with a transistor circuit was seized from the Tu-6 that crashed on Yamato Island.
However, judging from orders from several business machine companies, commercial transistorized computers have not yet appeared.
One of the important reasons for this is that the United States may have wasted too much time in the step from germanium transistors to silicon transistors.
Why germanium transistors to silicon transistors do not understand, because they do not understand the basic principles.I can't figure out the basic principle, because McCarthy has caught spies everywhere in the scientific research field of the United States, not only William Shockley, but a lot of people have been implicated in the review.
However, a small department in the United States has made a technological breakthrough, which Tang Hua can probably confirm.
In March 1953, the U.S. Air Force suddenly signed a contract of up to $3 million with a radio equipment company registered by Arnold Jr. to produce a certain equipment, the name of which was vague in the report of the commercial newspaper.However, the products of this contract are ultimately supplied to Boeing.
Tang Hua had already guessed what it was.
……
Edwards Air Force Base, USA.
U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Vandenberg and Chief of Strategic Air Staff for the Pacific Theater (soon to be transferred to Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force) Curtis LeMay stand in front of the first B-52A bomber received by the U.S. Air Force.
这是个全长近50米、宽56米、起飞重量220吨、装着8台涡轮喷气发动机的庞然大物。最大飞行速度1000公里/小时，不空中加油可连续飞行16000公里，当前世界独一无二的巨无霸。
"The research and development of the B-52 cost the U.S. Air Force 1400 million U.S. dollars, and now 75 million U.S. dollars are spent on the development of electronic devices, and the material cost of each aircraft has increased by 10 U.S. dollars." Vandenberg said, "The total price of a single machine has risen completely. [-]%."
"After replacing the electronic equipment, it is more reliable. It also reduces the weight by 1 ton. In general, it is worth it." B-52 is the most ideal strategic bomber in Curtis LeMay's mind, no matter how expensive it is He likes them all.
In fact, there is no computer on this B-52A.But the B-52A originally had as many as 900 vacuum tubes - various radio stations, radar warning devices, sights, various electrical control amplification systems, and densely packed equipment everywhere in the corners of the aircraft.The U.S. Air Force seized the controller of the Tu-2 and imitated the transistors on it - exactly the same, and completely replaced the electronic system of the B-52. Now there are less than 52 vacuum tubes on the B-300A One, more than 600 transistors were replaced.
A dozen devices containing more than 600 transistors cost $75...
Vandenberg: "The cost of the B-52 program is so high that even the Secretary of the Air Force and the President are a little bit hard to hold on to. We need to do something to prove that the B-52 is a successful aircraft that must be mass-produced during consultations with Congress. Purchased."