0p0 Page 374
Page 374
"T50 and T51 use similar basic components, but T51 has been improved and its performance has been improved. T52 uses a new generation of ultra-small transistors, so its cabinet size is somewhat smaller than T51. Another improvement of T52 It is a CRT monitor, which is a more advanced display system with more diversified functions. T53 is an improved version of T52. Its display system has added graphic display function, supports computer to do graphic calculation, and human-machine efficiency, etc. There are some improvements in this aspect, although it is a small improvement, it is very popular with users."
Sitting in front of the T53, Qian Xuesen felt that the computer used in the United States and the computer in front of him were not of the same era at all.
Tang Hua manipulated the keyboard, entered commands to run a program, performed calculations for a demonstration, and handed it over to Qian Xuesen.
Qian Xuesen entered a few parameters into the opened program, and the computer gave the result. Only then did he realize that T53 was used in this way.
"This original T50, no matter in terms of design level or computing power, I am afraid that there is no comparable product in the United States now." Qian Xuesen said.
"During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, we had some small walkie-talkies captured by the U.S. military, and the walkie-talkies also contained transistors, which were the same as those of T50 and T51," Tang Hua said. The system architecture design is still not close, and it is in the stage where various universities are constantly trying and blooming. Moreover, the United States has now seized transistors but not our production process, so the cost of their production of transistors is very high.”
"This kind of transistor is not as big as a soybean, and the ones on T52 and T53 are even smaller, and they are only as big as a mung bean," Qian Xuesen said. "In this way, many problems in engineering design can be directly calculated by violence without the need for approximate algorithms or A lot of manpower. Rocket design and rocket trajectory planning will be much faster."
"Speaking of violent calculations... Old Qian, do you know Deng Jiaxian?"
"I know him, Doctor Doll from Purdue University. He returned to China in 1950, earlier than me."
"He has more violent things in there, I specially made them for him. You will find out after Qian Sanqiang takes you to see them in a few days."
……
Speaking of which, the most violent computer is still in Jiaohe's 50 Center.After the fighting between North Korea and Taiwan, the General Staff felt that the computer code cracking center needed to be maintained.Due to the existence of the computer communication network, there is no need to move back to Beijing—the power grid in Northeast China is now more stable than the power grids in North China and Beijing, and the biggest advantage is the non-stop power supply.So TC53 stayed in Jiaohe.
Therefore, Deng Jiaxian is still his "second-hand supercomputer purchaser" and has three supercomputers in his hand: TC50, TC51, and TC52. Of course, Deng Jiaxian only uses TC52 at ordinary times.
As for what Lao Qian felt after seeing the supercomputing center of the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, God knows.
"Deng Jiaxian has a very violent computer now?...All right, I'll wait and see."
……
Tang Hua: "Don't be afraid of what I'm going to show you next."
Qian Xuesen: "...I am a scientist, I have received strict training, and I will not be afraid of any situation."
Tang Hua: "The computers displayed in this hall are actually outdated."
Qian Xuesen: "Understood, you continue to show me."
Tang Hua and Qian Xuesen walked out of the second hall and walked towards the test area occupied by Team X.
At the end of 1952, for the first time, the integrated circuit produced by the X team broke through 126, reaching an integration level of 365 transistors, and the highest reached 210 transistors. A batch of [-]-transistor chips were manufactured steadily, and then stopped.
At the end of 1952, we first waited for the new high-resolution backplane production equipment to be shipped to the Computer Institute, and then in February 1953, the new planar lithography equipment (mask direct contact lithography machine) was shipped to the Computer Institute.
During this period, the ion implantation process was updated and a new photoresist was used.
The combination of this whole set of production equipment systems can make the integration of integrated circuits break through thousands of tubes.In fact, from February to June 1953, Team X was moving toward thousand-transistor integration.
Now Team X has more people than before—otherwise, Huang Kun and Xie Xide would be too busy.After the computer encryption system team joined, Team X and Tang Hua had a total of 12 people.
"Minister Tang! Minister Tang!"
Huang Kun was calling all the way.
"You haven't come for a week, and we finally got through the most difficult type of the batch of films you designed. The packaging was completed yesterday, and it's over!"
……
"Old money, old money?"
Tang Hua woke up Qian Xuesen, and stuffed a shiny little thing slightly larger than a fingernail, with 16 pins in two rows on the left and right, into Qian Xuesen's hand.
"You now have enough transistors to assemble a computer."
Chapter 3, X54 not available for public sale
"Come here, come closer. Each person takes a chip, and moves their hands forward a little..."
Tang Hua is in the middle, Huang Kun and Xie Xide are on the left and right.
The chip in Tang Hua's hand is X5304, which is a microprocessor that integrates 1055 transistors.
黄坤手中的芯片是X5301，256字节的ROM。是256字节，不是256K也不是256M。
The chip in Xie Xide's hand is X5302 with 40 bytes of RAM.Just forty bytes, nothing more.Divided into four registers.
So what Tang Hua said to Qian Xuesen just now was "You now have enough transistors to assemble a computer" instead of "You now have a computer".
Now it takes several chip combinations to make a computer with minimum configuration.
The current X5300 series is still three blocks away from CPUs like the 8086, and it is also one block away from Intel's epoch-making 4004 in history.
But the chip system setting is indeed the one that borrowed from Intel 4004.
In fact, the current set of chip production equipment can support a process up to 10 microns, which is the same process level as 4004, but the running-in, debugging, and use of the equipment are still not good enough, so the next step is to change it to 16 microns.
Tang Hua, Xie Xide, and Huang Kun posed in good poses, grinning and yelling "eggplant", and the photographer "clicked" to take a set photo.
After the three of them finished filming, they called all 6 members of Team X who were present, and each of them also had a chip in their hands.
There are more than three chips in the X5300 system.The three chips that the three of them took just now are just the most important in the whole series.
Members of Team X gathered together, some with X5303 shift registers, some with address latches, and some with I/O chips...
"Kacha", the second set photo.
……
"After the bottom plate process reached the standard, the yield rate of the first batch of chips was still low. Later, the laboratory was transformed and a sealed area was built to make a dust-free workshop. It was really effective."
Huang Kun and Tang Hua were outside the clean room, looking at the equipment inside through the glass window.
The first floor of the test area is occupied by 60% of the area of the clean room, where the chip production line and packaging are located.Tang Hua himself had to change in the locker room and wear a mask when he went in.When Huang Kun walked out of the clean room, he had to go through the same procedure when he entered again.
无尘车间的分级，1级是每立方米空气里面，大于0.1微米的尘粒数量不大于10粒。2级100粒、3级1000粒、4级10000粒。
Now the yellow light zone of the semiconductor industry generally reaches LV2, also known as the [-]-level workshop.Occasionally, the thousand-level workshop can also be used.
The dust-free workshop that is now self-made is probably at the level of [-] to [-].
However, dust particles of 0.1 micron are not the key to affecting the current lithography yield. It is mainly dust particles above 0.5 micron that damage chips. indivual.
Even if it is a 10-class dust-free workshop, the computer institute still needs to install primary, medium, and high-level filters in the test area.
"Professor Huang," Tang Hua asked, "I just want to know how many gas masks you dismantled to make the filter for the clean room?"
Huang Kun: ...